ReformedWiki.org - User contributions [en]

Reformation Bible College

2024-12-20T19:20:27Z

ReformedMandalorian:

{{Infobox education
| name = Reformation Bible College
| image = File:Reformation-Bible-College.jpg
| motto =
| date_founded = 201
| type = Private university
| affiliations = [[Ligonier Ministries]]
| former_names =
| founders =
| leadership = [[Stephen Nichols]] (president)
| students = Unknown
| undergrad =
| postgrad =
| campuses = [[wikipedia:Sanford, Florida|Sanford, Florida]]
| mascot =
| staff = Unknown
| faculty = Unknown
| colors =
| athletics_affiliations =
| religious_affiliation = [[Reformed]] [[Christianity]]
| website = [https://reformationbiblecollege.org ReformationBibleCollege.org]
}}

'''Reformation Bible College''' is a private [[Reformed]] [[Christianity|Christian]] university in [[wikipedia:Sanford, Florida|Sanford, Florida]] that is operated by [[Ligonier Ministries]] and was originally founded by [[R. C. Sproul]]. The current president is [[Stephen J. Nichols]].

Reformation Bible College

2024-12-20T19:20:19Z

ReformedMandalorian:

{{Infobox education
| name = Reformation Bible College
| image = File:Reformation-Bible-College.jpg
| motto =
| date_founded = 201
| type = Private university
| affiliations = [[Ligonier Ministries]]
| former_names =
| founders =
| leadership = [[Stephen Nichols]] (president)
| students = Unknown
| undergrad =
| postgrad =
| campuses = [[wikipedia:Sanford, Florida|Sanford, Florida]]
| mascot =
| staff = Unknown
| faculty = Unknown
| colors =
| athletics_affiliations =
| religious_affiliation = [[Reformed]] [[Christianity]]
| website = [https://reformationbiblecollege.org ReformationBibleCollege.org]
}}

'''Reformation Bible College''' is a private [[Reformed]] [[Christianity|Christian]] university in [[wikipedia:Sanford, Florida]] that is operated by [[Ligonier Ministries]] and was originally founded by [[R. C. Sproul]]. The current president is [[Stephen J. Nichols]].

Reformation Bible College

2024-12-20T19:20:11Z

ReformedMandalorian: Created page with "{{Infobox education | name = Reformation Bible College | image = File:Reformation-Bible-College.jpg | motto = | date_founded = 201 | type = Private university | affiliations = Ligonier Ministries | former_names = | founders = | leadership = Stephen Nichols (president) | students = Unknown | undergrad..."

{{Infobox education
| name = Reformation Bible College
| image = File:Reformation-Bible-College.jpg
| motto =
| date_founded = 201
| type = Private university
| affiliations = [[Ligonier Ministries]]
| former_names =
| founders =
| leadership = [[Stephen Nichols]] (president)
| students = Unknown
| undergrad =
| postgrad =
| campuses = [[wikipedia:Sanford, Florida|Sanford, Florida]]
| mascot =
| staff = Unknown
| faculty = Unknown
| colors =
| athletics_affiliations =
| religious_affiliation = [[Reformed]] [[Christianity]]
| website = [https://reformationbiblecollege.org ReformationBibleCollege.org]
}}

'''Reformation Bible College''' is a private [[Reformed]] [[Christianity|Christian]] university in [[wikipedia:Sanford, Florida]] that is operated by [[Ligonier Minstries]] and was originally founded by [[R. C. Sproul]]. The current president is [[Stephen J. Nichols]].

Stephen Nichols

2024-12-20T19:17:47Z

ReformedMandalorian:

'''Stephen J. Nichols''' is the current president of [[Reformation Bible College]] in [[wikipedia:Sanford, Florida|Sanford, Florida]], where he also is a professor of apologetics. Nichols is the chief academic officer for [[Ligonier Ministries]], and is also a [[Ligonier Ministries|Ligonier teaching fellow]].

Dr. Nichols earned his M.A. in philosophy from [[wikipedia:West Chester University|West Chester University]], M.A.R. in theology from [[Westminster Theological Seminary]], and Ph.D. in apologetics from [[Westminster Theological Seminary]]. Dr. Nichols also received an honorary D.H.L. from [[Geneva College]]. He has authored or edited more than thirty books, including volumes in the Guided Tour series on [[Martin Luther]], [[Jonathan Edwards]], and [[J. Gresham Machen]]. He recently authored ''R.C. Sproul: A Life'' and is the general editor of the [[Church History Study Bible]]. In addition, he hosts the podcasts [[5 Minutes in Church History (podcast)]] and [[Open Book (podcast)]].

Stephen J. Nichols

2024-12-20T19:12:52Z

ReformedMandalorian: Redirected page to Stephen Nichols

#REDIRECT [[Stephen Nichols]]

File:Reformation-Bible-College.jpg

2024-12-20T19:11:14Z

ReformedMandalorian: Logo for Reformation Bible College

== Summary ==
Logo for Reformation Bible College
== Licensing ==
{{FU}}

File:Fetch-Bible.png

2024-12-19T17:30:40Z

ReformedMandalorian: Logo for Fetch Bible

== Summary ==
Logo for Fetch Bible
== Licensing ==
{{FU}}

Fetch Bible

2024-12-19T17:29:10Z

ReformedMandalorian: Created page with "{{Infobox_technology | image = Fetch-Bible.png | organization = Gracious Tech | developers = Jon Here | theological_tradition = Christianity | date_developed = 2022 | website = [https://fetch.bible fetch.bible] }} '''Fetch Bible''' (also stylized as '''Fetch(Bible)''' or '''Fetch.Bible''') is an open-source Scripture reference add-on solution for websites and applications known (that is similar to Logos Bible Software's "RefTagger")...."

{{Infobox_technology
| image = Fetch-Bible.png
| organization = [[Gracious Tech]]
| developers = [[Jon Here]]
| theological_tradition = [[Christianity]]
| date_developed = 2022
| website = [https://fetch.bible fetch.bible]
}}

'''Fetch Bible''' (also stylized as '''Fetch(Bible)''' or '''Fetch.Bible''') is an open-source Scripture reference add-on solution for websites and applications known (that is similar to [[Logos Bible Software|Logos Bible Software's]] "RefTagger"). It is developed and currently maintained by [[Jon Here]] of [[Gracious Tech]].

== See also ==
*[[Jon Here]]
*[[Gracious Tech]]
*[[Logos Bible Software]]

== External links ==
*[https://gracious.tech Gracious.Tech]
*[https://fetch.bible Fetch.Bible]
*[https://logos.com/reftagger Logos.com/reftagger]

Template:Infobox technology

2024-12-19T17:14:01Z

ReformedMandalorian:

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Template:Infobox technology

2024-12-19T17:11:50Z

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Template:Infobox technology/styles.css

2024-12-19T17:10:31Z

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Gracious Tech

2024-12-19T14:56:36Z

ReformedMandalorian: Created page with "{{Infobox_organization | image = Gracious-Tech.png | founders = Jon Here | theological_tradition = Christianity, Dorean principle | date_founded = 2018 | website = [https://gracious.tech Gracious.tech] }} '''Gracious Tech''' is a digital Christian ministry founded by Jon Here that produces digital ministry solutions. The ministry is operated in accordance with the Dorean principle of "freely giving". Gracious Tech is known for producing the open-sour..."

{{Infobox_organization
| image = Gracious-Tech.png
| founders = [[Jon Here]]
| theological_tradition = [[Christianity]], [[Dorean principle]]
| date_founded = 2018
| website = [https://gracious.tech Gracious.tech]
}}

'''Gracious Tech''' is a digital Christian ministry founded by [[Jon Here]] that produces digital ministry solutions. The ministry is operated in accordance with the [[Dorean principle]] of "freely giving". Gracious Tech is known for producing the open-source Scripture reference add-on solution for websites known as "[[Fetch Bible]]" (which is similar to [[Logos Bible Software|Logos Bible Software's]] "RefTagger").

== See also ==
*[[Fetch Bible]]
*[[Jon Here]]
*[[Dorean principle]]
*[[Selling Jesus]]

== External links ==
*[https://gracious.tech Gracious.Tech]
*[https://fetch.bible Fetch.Bible]
*[https://copy.church Copy.church]
*[https://SellingJesus.org SellingJesus.org]

File:Gracious-Tech.png

2024-12-19T14:52:02Z

ReformedMandalorian: Logo for Gracious Tech

== Summary ==
Logo for Gracious Tech
== Licensing ==
{{FU}}

Jon Here

2024-12-19T14:50:29Z

ReformedMandalorian: Created page with "{{Infobox_person | image = Jon-Here.jpg | birth_name = | birth_date = Unknown | residency = Sydney, Australia | occupation = Technologist | theology = Christianity (tradition unknown), Dorean principle | affiliations = Selling Jesus | education | spouse = | children = | website = [https://gracious.tech Gracious.Tech] }} '''Jon Here''' is the founder and operator of the online Christian digital ministry Gracio..."

{{Infobox_person
| image = Jon-Here.jpg
| birth_name =
| birth_date = Unknown
| residency = [[Wikipedia:Sydney|Sydney]], [[Wikipedia:Australia|Australia]]
| occupation = Technologist
| theology = [[Christianity]] (tradition unknown), [[Dorean principle]]
| affiliations = [[Selling Jesus]]
| education
| spouse =
| children =
| website = [https://gracious.tech Gracious.Tech]
}}

'''Jon Here''' is the founder and operator of the online Christian digital ministry [[Gracious Tech]], which operates [[Let's copy, Church]] and [[Fetch Bible]].

== See also ==
*[[Dorean principle]]
*[[The Dorean Principle (book)]]
*[[Let's copy, Church]]

== External links ==
*[https://SelingJesus.org SellingJesus.org]
*[https://thedoreanprinciple.org TheDoreanPrinciple.org]
*[https://copy.church Copy.church]

Andrew Case

2024-12-19T14:49:37Z

ReformedMandalorian:

{{Infobox_person
| image = Andrew-Case.jpg
| birth_name =
| birth_date = July 25, 1982
| residency = [[Wikipedia:Oaxaca City|Oaxaca City]], [[Wikipedia:Mexico|Mexico]]
| occupation = Translation Consultant, Content Creator
| theology = [[Christianity]] (tradition unknown), [[Dorean principle]]
| affiliations = [[Selling Jesus]]
| education = [[Southern Baptist Theological Seminary]], [[Trinity Western University]], [[Canada Institute of Linguistics]], [[Hardin–Simmons University]]
| spouse = Bethany Case
| children =
| website = [https://SellingJesus.org SellingJesus.org]
}}

'''Andrew Case''' is the founder and operator of the online Christian content ministry [[Selling Jesus]], and also works as a translation consultant for a Christian ministry organization. Case also helps oversee the [[Let's copy, Church]] minsitry.

== See also ==
*[[Dorean principle]]
*[[Let's copy, Church]]

== External links ==
*[https://SelingJesus.org SellingJesus.org]
*[https://thedoreanprinciple.org TheDoreanPrinciple.org]
*[https://copy.church Copy.church]

Andrew Case

2024-12-19T14:48:40Z

ReformedMandalorian:

Andrew Case

2024-12-19T14:46:46Z

ReformedMandalorian:

Let's copy, Church

2024-12-19T14:45:01Z

ReformedMandalorian:

{{Infobox_organization
| image = Lets-Copy-Church.jpg
| founders = [[Jon Here]], [[Andrew Case]]
| theological_tradition = [[Christianity]], [[Dorean principle]]
| date_founded = 2021
| website = [https://copy.church Copy.church]
}}

'''Let's copy, church''' is an online Christian content ministry that aims to promote the giving freely of Christian resources by committing such to the public domain (or an equivalent or similar legal status). It is overseen by [[Jon Here]] (who operates the digital ministry [[Gracious Tech]]) and [[Andrew Case]] (who operates [[Selling Jesus]]).

== See also ==
*[[Dorean principle]]
*[[The Dorean Principle (book)]]
*[[Selling Jesus]]
*[[Jon Here]]
*[[Andrew Case]]

== External links ==
*[https://SelingJesus.org SellingJesus.org]
*[https://thedoreanprinciple.org TheDoreanPrinciple.org]
*[https://copy.church Copy.church]

Let's copy, Church

2024-12-19T14:44:54Z

ReformedMandalorian: Created page with "{{Infobox_organization | image = Lets-Copy-Church.jpg | founders = Jon Here, Andrew Case | theological_tradition = Christianity, Dorean principle | date_founded = 2021 | website = [https://copy.church Copy.church] }} '''Let's cupy, church''' is an online Christian content ministry that aims to promote the giving freely of Christian resources by committing such to the public domain (or an equivalent or similar legal status). It is overseen by Jon Here..."

{{Infobox_organization
| image = Lets-Copy-Church.jpg
| founders = [[Jon Here]], [[Andrew Case]]
| theological_tradition = [[Christianity]], [[Dorean principle]]
| date_founded = 2021
| website = [https://copy.church Copy.church]
}}

'''Let's cupy, church''' is an online Christian content ministry that aims to promote the giving freely of Christian resources by committing such to the public domain (or an equivalent or similar legal status). It is overseen by [[Jon Here]] (who operates the digital ministry [[Gracious Tech]]) and [[Andrew Case]] (who operates [[Selling Jesus]]).

== See also ==
*[[Dorean principle]]
*[[The Dorean Principle (book)]]
*[[Selling Jesus]]
*[[Jon Here]]
*[[Andrew Case]]

== External links ==
*[https://SelingJesus.org SellingJesus.org]
*[https://thedoreanprinciple.org TheDoreanPrinciple.org]
*[https://copy.church Copy.church]

File:Lets-Copy-Church.jpg

2024-12-19T14:43:17Z

ReformedMandalorian: Logo for Let's copy, Church

== Summary ==
Logo for Let's copy, Church
== Licensing ==
{{FU}}

File:Jon-Here.jpg

2024-12-19T14:42:15Z

ReformedMandalorian: Profile photo for Jon Here

== Summary ==
Profile photo for Jon Here
== Licensing ==
{{FU}}

Selling Jesus

2024-12-19T14:38:59Z

ReformedMandalorian: /* External links */

{{Infobox_organization
| image = Selling-Jesus.jpg
| founders = [[Andrew Case]]
| theological_tradition = [[Christianity]], [[Dorean principle]]
| date_founded = 2023
| website = [https://SellingJesus.org SellingJesus.org]
}}

'''Selling Jesus''' is an online Christian content ministry that aims to promote the [[Dorean principle]] as a biblical model for Christian ministry fundraising.

== See also ==
*[[Dorean principle]]
*[[The Dorean Principle (book)]]
*[[Let's copy, Church]]
*[[Andrew Case]]

== External links ==
*[https://SelingJesus.org SellingJesus.org]
*[https://thedoreanprinciple.org TheDoreanPrinciple.org]
*[https://copy.church Copy.church]

Selling Jesus

2024-12-19T14:38:50Z

ReformedMandalorian:

SellingJesus.org

2024-12-19T14:36:46Z

ReformedMandalorian: Redirected page to Selling Jesus

#REDIRECT [[Selling Jesus]]

Copy.church

2024-12-19T14:36:08Z

ReformedMandalorian: Redirected page to Let's copy, Church

#REDIRECT [[Let's copy, Church]]

Congregationalism (tradition)

2024-12-15T17:55:26Z

ReformedMandalorian:

[[File:MMDA-Photos - 2023-11-29 - Congregational Church, Old Lyme, Connecticut, USA.jpg|thumb|[[Old Lyme Congregational Church|First Congregational Church]] of [[Old Lyme, Connecticut]]]]
'''Congregationalism''' (also '''Congregationalist churches''' or '''Congregational churches''') is a [[Reformed Christianity|Reformed]] (Calvinist) tradition of Protestant Christianity in which churches practice [[Congregationalist polity|congregational government]]. Each [[Wiktionary:congregation|congregation]] independently and autonomously runs its own affairs. These principles are enshrined in the [[Cambridge Platform]] (1648) and the [[Savoy Declaration]] (1658), Congregationalist [[confession of faith|confessions of faith]].<ref name="Rohr2008">{{cite book |last1=Rohr |first1=John Von |title=Shaping of American Congregationalism 1620-1957 |date=4 August 2009 |publisher=The Pilgrim Press |isbn=978-0-8298-2077-5 |language=en |quote=Although the Savoy Declaration's confession of faith was based largely upon that of Westminster, the section entitled "The Institution of Churches" became an important late seventeenth-century document depicting the congregational form of church order.}}</ref><ref name="Fields2024">{{cite book |last1=Fields |first1=C. Ryan |title=Local and Universal: A Free Church Account of Ecclesial Catholicity |date=6 February 2024 |publisher=InterVarsity Press |isbn=978-1-5140-0672-6 |language=en |quote=After the doctrinal exposition there follows a section titled "The Institution of Churches, and the Order Appointed in Them by Jesus Christ," which further specifies how their polity differs from the Presbyterian divines.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Davie |editor1-first=Martin |editor2-last=Grass |editor2-first=Tim |editor3-last=Holmes |editor3-first=Stephen R. |editor4-last=McDowell |editor4-first=John |editor5-last=Noble |editor5-first=T.A. |title=New Dictionary of Theology: Historical and Systematic (Second Edition) |date=21 April 2016 |publisher=Inter-Varsity Press |isbn=978-1-78359-457-3 |language=en |quote=Cambridge Platform (1648) and Savoy Declaration (1658) were the fundamental formularies of, respectively, American and English Congregationalism. In doctrine they essentially reproduced the Westminster Confession, with the changes needed to provide for a church polity of independent congregations (Schaff; Leith; W. Walker, ''The Creeds and Platforms of Congregationalism'', New York, 1893).}}</ref> The Congregationalist Churches are a continuity of the theological tradition upheld by the [[Puritans]].<ref name="Melton2005">{{cite book |last1=Melton |first1=J. Gordon |title=Encyclopedia of Protestantism |date=2005 |publisher=Infobase Publishing |isbn=978-0-8160-6983-5 |page=161 |language=en}}</ref> Their genesis was through the work of Congregationalist divines [[Robert Browne (Brownist)|Robert Browne]], [[Henry Barrowe]], and [[John Greenwood (divine)|John Greenwood]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pastoor |first1=Charles |last2=Johnson |first2=Galen K. |title=The A to Z of the Puritans |date=28 September 2009 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-7039-0 |page=84 |language=en}}</ref>

In the United Kingdom, the [[Puritan|Puritan Reformation]] of the [[Church of England]] laid the foundation for these churches. In [[Kingdom of England|England]], the early Congregationalists were called ''[[Ecclesiastical separatism|Separatists]]'' or ''[[Independent (religion)|Independents]]'' to distinguish them from the similarly [[Calvinistic]] [[Presbyterians]], whose churches embrace a [[Presbyterian polity|polity based on the governance of elders]]; this commitment to self-governing congregations was codified in the Savoy Declaration.<ref name="Fields2024"/> [[Congregationalism in the United States]] traces its origins to the Puritans of [[New England]], who wrote the [[Cambridge Platform]] of 1648 to describe the autonomy of the church and its association with others.<ref name="Hillerbrand2004">{{cite book |last1=Hillerbrand |first1=Hans J. |title=Encyclopedia of Protestantism: 4-volume set |date=2 August 2004 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-96027-8 |language=en |quote=Congregationalists formally embraced the Westminster Confession, apart from its Presbyterian polity, in the Cambridge Platform in America, and the Savoy Declaration in England.}}</ref> Within the United States, the model of Congregational churches was carried by migrating settlers from New England into [[New York (state)|New York]], then into the [[Old Northwest]], and further.

The Congregationalist tradition has a presence in the United States, the United Kingdom, Argentina, Ireland, Canada, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and various island nations in the Pacific region. It has been introduced either by immigrant dissenters or by missionary organizations such as the [[London Missionary Society]]. A number of [[evangelical]] Congregational churches are members of the [[World Evangelical Congregational Fellowship]]. Congregationalism, as defined by the [[Pew Research Center]], is estimated to represent 0.5 percent of the worldwide Protestant population.<ref name="pewforum">{{cite web |url=http://www.pewforum.org/files/2011/12/Christianity-fullreport-web.pdf |title=Global Christianity: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Christian Population|publisher=Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life|access-date=2014-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130805020311/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2011/12/Christianity-fullreport-web.pdf |archive-date=2013-08-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Beliefs==
Congregationalism is a [[Reformed Christianity|Reformed (Calvinist)]] tradition of Protestant Christianity that enjoins a [[church polity]] in which congregations are self-governing (cf. [[congregational polity]]).<ref name="Fields2024"/> Through the years, Congregationalists have adopted various [[Creed|confessional statements]], including the [[Savoy Declaration]], the [[Cambridge Platform]] and the [[Kansas City Statement of Faith]].

Unlike Presbyterians, Congregationalists practice [[congregational polity]] (from which they derive their name), which holds that the members of a local church have the right to decide their church's forms of [[Christian worship|worship]] and confessional statements, choose their own officers and administer their own affairs without any outside interference. Congregationalist polity is rooted in a foundational tenet of Congregationalism: the [[priesthood of all believers]]. According to Congregationalist minister [[Charles Edward Jefferson]], this means that "Every believer is a priest and ... every seeking child of God is given directly wisdom, guidance, power". Consequently, there is an absence of [[godparent]]s, since the whole congregation is the godparent to all the children in the church.

Congregationalists have two sacraments: [[baptism]] and the [[Lord's Supper in Reformed theology|Lord's Supper]]. Congregationalists practice [[infant baptism]], but hold that "...there is no distinction between "infant baptism" and "believer's baptism"."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.naccc.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/baptism.pdf |title=Baptism |publisher=naccc.org |date= |access-date=21 October 2024}} </ref> The Lord's Supper is normally celebrated once or twice a month. Congregationalists do not invoke the [[intercession of saints]]. Certain Congregationalist hymns that have become popular across [[Christendom]] include ''[[When I Survey the Wondrous Cross]]'' and ''Hark the Glad Sound''.<ref name="Vischer2003">{{cite book |last1=Vischer |first1=Lukas |title=Christian Worship in Reformed Churches Past and Present |date=2003 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing |isbn=978-0-8028-0520-1 |page=91 |language=en}}</ref>

== Origins ==
The origins of Congregationalism are found in 16th-century [[Puritanism]], a movement that sought to complete the [[English Reformation]] begun with the separation of the [[Church of England]] from the [[Catholic Church]] during the reign of [[Henry VIII]] (1509–47).{{Sfn|Von Rohr|1992|pp=9–10}} During the reign of [[Elizabeth I]] (1558–1603), the Church of England was considered a Reformed or Calvinist church, but it also preserved certain characteristics of medieval Catholicism, such as [[cathedral]]s, [[church choir]]s, a formal [[liturgy]] contained in the ''[[Book of Common Prayer]]'', traditional clerical [[vestment]]s and [[episcopal polity]] (government by [[bishop]]s).

The Puritans were Calvinists who wanted to further reform the church by abolishing all remaining Catholic practices, such as clerical vestments, wedding rings, [[Organ (music)|organ]] music in church, kneeling at [[Holy Communion]], using the term ''priest'' for a minister, bowing at the name of Jesus, and making the sign of the cross in baptism and communion. Many Puritans believed the Church of England should follow the example of Reformed churches in other parts of Europe and adopt [[presbyterian polity]], in which an egalitarian network of local ministers cooperated through regional [[synod]]s. Other Puritans experimented with congregational polity both within the Church of England and outside of it. Puritans who left the [[established church]] were known as [[English Separatists|Separatists]].

Congregationalism may have first developed in the [[London Underground Church]] under Richard Fitz in the late 1560s and 1570s. The Congregational historian Albert Peel argued that it was accepted that the evidence for a fully thought out congregational [[ecclesiology]] is not overwhelming.

[[Robert Browne (Brownist)|Robert Browne]] (1550–1633) was the first person to set out explicit congregational principles and is considered the founder of Congregationalism.<ref name="Tomkins 2020 98">{{Cite book|title=The Journey of the Mayflower|last=Tomkins|first=Stephen|publisher=Hodder & Stoughton|year=2020 |location=London & New York|page =98}}</ref> While studying for [[ordination]], Browne became convinced that the Church of England was a false church. He moved to Norwich and together with [[Robert Harrison (Brownist)|Robert Harrison]] formed an illegal Separatist congregation.

In 1581, Browne and his followers moved to [[Holland]] in order to worship freely. While in Holland, Browne wrote treatises that laid out the essential features of Congregationalism. Browne argued for a church only of genuine, [[Regeneration (theology)|regenerate]] believers and criticized the [[Anglicans]] for including all English people within their church. The congregation should choose its own leaders, and the ministers should be ordained by the congregation itself not by bishops or fellow ministers. Each congregation should be founded on a written [[church covenant]], and the congregation as a whole should govern the church: "The meetings together… of every whole church, and of the elders therein, is above the apostle, above the prophet, the evangelist, the pastor, the teacher, and every particular elder" and "The voice of the whole people, guided by the elders and the forwardest, is said [in Scripture] to be the voice of God".<ref name="Tomkins 2020 98" /> While each church would be independent, separate churches would still come together to discuss matters of common concern.

Short lifespans were typical of Separatist churches (also known as [[Brownist]] congregations). These were small congregations who met in secret and faced persecution. They were often forced to go into exile in Holland and tended to disintegrate quickly.{{Sfn|Von Rohr|1992|pp=17–18}} Notable Separatists who faced exile or death included [[Henry Barrow]] (circa. –1593), [[John Greenwood (Puritan)|John Greenwood]] (died 1593), [[John Penry]] (1559–1593), [[Francis Johnson (Brownist)|Francis Johnson]] (1563–1618), and [[Henry Ainsworth]] (1571–1622).{{Sfn|Von Rohr|1992|pp= 22–25}}

In the early 1600s, a Separatist congregation in Scrooby was founded through the efforts of [[John Smyth (Baptist minister)|John Smyth]] (who later rejected infant baptism and became a founder of the Baptist movement). [[John Robinson (pastor)|John Robinson]] was the congregation's pastor and [[William Brewster (Pilgrim)|William Brewster]] was an [[Elder (Christianity)|elder]]. In 1607, the congregation moved to Holland fleeing persecution. In 1620, the group (known in history as the [[Pilgrims (Plymouth Colony)|Pilgrims]]) sailed to North America on the ''[[Mayflower]]'', establishing the [[Plymouth Colony]] and bringing the Congregational tradition to America.

In 1639 [[William Wroth]], then [[Rector (ecclesiastical)|Rector]] of the parish church at [[Llanvaches]] in [[Monmouthshire (historic)|Monmouthshire]], established the first [[Nonconformist (Protestantism)|Independent Church]] in [[Wales]] "according to the New England pattern", i.e. Congregational. The Tabernacle [[United Reformed Church]] at Llanvaches survives to this day.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.cefnpennar.com/llanvaches/llv_united.htm |title= Llavanches United | publisher = CEFN Pennar |access-date= 2008-10-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080725122751/http://www.cefnpennar.com/llanvaches/llv_united.htm |archive-date= 2008-07-25}}</ref>

During the [[English Civil War]], those who supported the Parliamentary cause were invited by Parliament to discuss religious matters. The [[Westminster Confession of Faith]] (1646) was officially claimed to be the statement of faith for both the Church of England (Anglican/Episcopal) and Church of Scotland (Presbyterian), which was politically expedient for those in the Presbyterian dominated English Parliament who approved of the [[Solemn League and Covenant]] (1643).

[[File:Catalogue of Sects.GIF|thumb|upright=1.15|''A Catalogue of the Several Sects and Opinions in England and other Nations: With a briefe Rehearsall of their false and dangerous Tenents'', propaganda [[broadsheet]] denouncing English Dissenters from 1647]]

After the [[Second English Civil War|Second Civil War]], the [[New Model Army]] which was dominated by Congregationalists (or [[Independents (religion)|Independents]]) seized control of the parliament with [[Pride's purge]] (1648), arranged for the [[High Court of Justice for the trial of Charles I|trial]] and [[execution of Charles I]] in January 1649 and subsequently introduced a republican [[Commonwealth (England)|Commonwealth]] dominated by Independents such as [[Oliver Cromwell]]. This government lasted until 1660 when the [[Restoration (England)|monarch was restored]] and [[Episcopal polity|Episcopalism]] was re-established (see the [[penal law (British)|Penal Laws]] and [[Great Ejection]]).

In 1662, two years after the Restoration, two thousand Independent, Presbyterian, and congregational ministers were evicted from their parishes as dissenters and not being in Holy Orders conferred by bishops.

In 1658 (during the [[interregnum (England)|interregnum]]) the Congregationalists created their own version of the Westminster Confession, called the [[Savoy Declaration]], which remains the principal [[subordinate standard]] of Congregationalism.{{efn|For a summary of Congregationalism in Scotland, see the paper presented to a joint meeting of the ministers of the United Reformed Church (Scottish Synod) and the Congregational Federation in Scotland by Rev'd A. Paterson, which is available online.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://hamilton.urc.org.uk/?page_id=1655 |title=Scottish Congregationalism, Congregational History | first = Alan | last = Paterson | publisher = Hamilton United Reformed Church |access-date= 2017-05-24}}</ref>}}

== By country ==
=== Argentina ===
[[File:IGLESIA EVANGELICA CONGREGACIONAL - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Iglesia Evangelica Congregacional, [[Coronel Du Graty]], [[Argentina]]]]
The mission to Argentina was the second foreign field tended by German Congregationalists. The work in South America began in 1921 when four Argentine churches urgently requested that denominational recognition be given to George Geier, serving them. The Illinois Conference licensed Geier, who worked among Germans from Russia who were very similar to their kin in the United States and in Canada. The South American Germans from Russia had learned about Congregationalism in letters from relatives in the United States.

In 1924 general missionary John Hoelzer, while in Argentina for a brief visit, organised six churches. In the province of [[Entre Ríos Province|Entre Ríos]], congregations began to join the Evangelical Congregational Church in [[Crespo, Entre Ríos|Crespo]]. Information indicates that since 1923 there were activities in private homes and in 1928 the first pastoral house was inaugurated, in San Salvador from 1928, in Concordia, from 1929–1930, in Federal from 1934, in Paraná since the 1940's. In Concepción del Uruguay since 1942. Basavilbaso from 1944. Gualeguaychú from 1950. And then many more followed.
In the province of Chaco, immigrants from Germany, Russia and neighbouring areas settled in Colonia Palmar, between Charata and General Pinedo. When they heard about the existence of the Evangelical Congregational Church, they contacted and invited the North American missionary Guillermo Strauch to visit them. This took place on August 25, 1928, when the first service was held and as a result of the meeting they decided to join the I. E. C. The following year, their first church was inaugurated. Due to a great drought, in 1945 this church had to close its doors, and the families emigrated to Villa Ángela, Coronel Du Graty or Santa Sylvina, in the province of Chaco, or to El Colorado, in Formosa. In each of these places, new faith communities emerged from the relocation of members of Colonia Palmar. In Villa Ángela, the first church was actually established in Colonia Juan José Paso in 1947, and two years later the first church was inaugurated. In Coronel Du Graty, it originated from prayer meetings in 1947 (with those who came from Colonia Palmar) in "Campo Ugarte" and "Campo Ñandubay". Later they joined together to build their own place for worship, which happened in 1954. In the province of Misiones, in Leandro N. Alem and the surrounding area, immigrants from Poland, Germany and Brazil began to arrive between 1929 and 1938. Although their economic condition was precarious, they were rich in their desire to work, to progress and in their spirituality. They began to hold prayer meetings, and faith communities were formed in Alem Sud, Picada Almafuerte and Picada Flor (Colonia El Chatón).

In 1932 a group of these believers adopted the name of "Congregation of Evangelical Brothers" and when they began the process of registration in the National Register of Cults, they became aware of the Evangelical Congregational Church, decided to join it, and in 1935 the North American missionary, Pastor Federico Gross visited them for an Extraordinary Assembly, where they approved their statutes with the name of "Evangelical Lutheran Congregational Church". This consolidated their union with the IEC of Argentina. In other cities of Misiones the Congregational work began in Oberá in the 1930s, in San Francisco de Asís a work began with believers from Brazil in 1935, in Dos de Mayo since 1945, in Valle Hermoso a group of Lutheran origin joined the Evangelical Congregational Church in 1949, in El Soberbio since 1950, in San Vicente since 1966, in Posadas since 1970 and later many more congregations.

In Buenos Aires, as a result of the migration of congregational members from the interior of the country, it was started in Rivadavia 6001 in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, in 1937 by the missionary Federico Gross. From that moment on they received pastoral care from Entre Ríos. In 1946 the missionary Otto Tiede organised the first board of directors in the Colegiales neighbourhood, when the congregation met in the church "El Buen Pastor", which was lent to them by the Disciples of Christ. In 1947, Pastor Ludwig Serfas became the first local pastor, with residence in Olivos, and it was decided to build the first church in Villa Ballester, which was inaugurated in 1950.

The Evangelical Congregational Church spread to Córdoba in 1972, with itinerant missionary work from Basavilbaso (Entre Ríos). In the province of Santa Fe from 1980, from Paraná (Entre Ríos). In Corrientes (capital) from 1982 and in CABA a missionary work started in 1995. In the first 100 years, it has spread from Entre Ríos to several provinces: Misiones, Corrientes, Chaco, Formosa, Córdoba, Santa Fe, Buenos Aires and CABA. It has spread to southern Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. It is currently present in more than 150 towns and cities in Argentina.

It has a social commitment, working among the most vulnerable, deprived and marginalised. It serves in the containment of families in the most varied contexts. With specific programmes for children, adolescents, young people, married couples and the elderly. With presence in formal and informal education, training and instructing people of all ages, in arts and crafts, in values and principles that make solidarity, human rights, and a better quality of life for all, according to the possibilities and opportunities. With canteens and picnic areas, with an integral pastoral care, which includes accompaniment in hospitals and prisons. It has a Higher Biblical Institute that offers an official degree: "Profesorado en Ciencias Sagradas".

=== Australia ===
[[File:St Michael's Church Collins Street Melbourne.jpg|thumb|[[St Michael's Uniting Church, Melbourne|St Michael's Church]] in [[Melbourne]]]]
In 1977, most congregations of the [[Congregational Union of Australia]] merged with all Churches of the [[Methodist Church of Australasia]] and a majority of Churches of the [[Presbyterian Church of Australia]] to form the [[Uniting Church in Australia]].

Those congregations that did not join the Uniting Church formed the [[Fellowship of Congregational Churches]] or continued as Presbyterians. Some more [[Christian ecumenism|ecumenically]] minded Congregationalists left the Fellowship of Congregational Churches in 1995 and formed the [[Congregational Federation of Australia]].

===Bulgaria ===
[[File:AmericanCollegeSofia.jpg|thumb|The [[American College of Sofia]] was founded by Congregationalists]]
Congregationalists (called "Evangelicals" in [[Bulgaria]]; the word "Protestant" is not used{{sfn|Mojzes|Shenk|1992|p=209}}) were among the first Protestant missionaries to the [[Ottoman Empire]] and to the Northwestern part of the European Ottoman Empire which is now Bulgaria, where their work to convert these Orthodox Christians was unhampered by the death penalty imposed by the Ottomans on Muslim converts to Christianity.{{sfn|Mojzes|Shenk|1992|p=210}} These missionaries were significant contributors to the [[Bulgarian National Revival]] movement. Today, [[Protestantism in Bulgaria]] represents the third largest religious group, behind Orthodox and Muslim. Missionaries from the United States first arrived in 1857–58, sent to [[Istanbul]] by the [[American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions]] (ABCFM). The ABCFM was proposed in 1810 by the Congregationalist graduates of Williams College, MA, and was chartered in 1812 to support missions by Congregationalists, Presbyterian (1812–1870), Dutch-Reformed (1819–1857) and other denominational members.<ref name=Vassileva>{{cite web |url=http://sofiaecho.com/2008/08/08/662821_reading-room-a-history-of-protestantism-in-bulgaria |title=A history of protestantism in Bulgaria |last1=Vassileva |first1=Anastasia|date=August 8, 2008 |work=The Sofia Echo|access-date=27 December 2012}}</ref> The ABCFM focused its efforts on southern Bulgaria and the Methodist Church on the region north of the [[Balkan Mountains]] (Stara Planina, or "Old Mountains").

In 1857, Cyrus Hamlin and Charles Morse established three missionary centres in southern Bulgaria – in Odrin ([[Edirne]], former capital city of the Ottoman Empire, in Turkey), [[Plovdiv]] and [[Stara Zagora]]. They were joined in 1859 by Russian-born naturalized America Frederic Flocken in 1859.<ref name="Vassileva" /> American Presbyterian minister [[Elias Riggs]] commissioned, supported and edited the work of Bulgarian monk [[Neofit Rilski]] to create a [[Bible translations into Bulgarian]] which was then distributed widely in Bulgaria in 1871 and thereafter. This effort was supported by Congregationalist missionary Albert Long, [[Konstantin Fotinov]], Hristodul Sechan-Nikolov and [[Petko Slaveikov]].<ref name="Vassileva" /> Reportedly, 2,000 copies of the newly translated Bulgarian language New Testament were sold within the first two weeks.

Congregational churches were established in [[Bansko]], [[Veliko Turnovo]], and [[Svishtov]] between 1840 and 1878, followed by [[Sofia]] in 1899. By 1909, there were 19 Congregational churches, with a total congregation of 1,456 in southern Bulgaria offering normal Sunday services, Sunday schools for children, biblical instruction for adults; as well as women's groups and youth groups. Summer Bible schools were held annually from 1896 to 1948.<ref name=Vassileva />

Congregationalists led by James F. Clarke opened Bulgaria's first Protestant primary school for boys in [[Plovdiv]] in 1860, followed three years later by a primary school for girls in [[Stara Zagora]]. In 1871 the two schools were moved to [[Samokov]] and merged as the American College, now considered the oldest American educational institution outside the US. In 1928, new facilities were constructed in Sofia, and the Samokov operation transferred to the [[American College of Sofia]] (ACS), now operated at a very high level by the Sofia American Schools, Inc.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.acs.bg/Home/About_ACS/History.aspx|title=History of American College of Sofia|last1=American College of Sofia|year=2010|publisher=American College of Sofia|access-date=27 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614171647/https://www.acs.bg/Home/About_ACS/History.aspx|archive-date=14 June 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 1874, a Bible College was opened in [[Ruse, Bulgaria]] for people wanting to become pastors. At the 1876 annual conference of missionaries, the beginning of organizational activity in the country was established. The evangelical churches of Bulgaria formed a united association in 1909.<ref name=Vassileva />

The missionaries played a significant role in assisting the Bulgarians throw off "the Turkish Yoke", which included publishing the magazine Zornitsa (Зорница, "Dawn"), founded in 1864 by the initiative of Riggs and Long.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eabulgaria.org/en/about-us/history |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130414154909/http://www.eabulgaria.org/en/about-us/history |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 April 2013 |title=History |last=The Evangelical Churches in Bulgaria |year=2012 |access-date=28 December 2012 }}</ref> Zornitsa became the most powerful and most widespread newspaper of the Bulgarian Renaissance.<ref name=Vassileva /> A small roadside marker on Bulgarian Highway 19 in the [[Rila]] Mountains, close to [[Gradevo]] commemorates the support given the Bulgarian Resistance by these early Congregationalist missionaries.

On 3 September 1901 Congregationalist missionaries came to world attention in the [[Miss Stone Affair]] when missionary Ellen Maria Stone,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://olgp.net/chs/people/more%20people/stone.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071118170927/http://www.olgp.net/chs/people/more%20people/stone.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-date=November 18, 2007 |title=Ellen Maria Stone |first1=Historical Society|last1=Chelsey |access-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> of Roxbury, Massachusetts, and her pregnant fellow missionary friend Macedonian-Bulgarian Katerina Stefanova–Tsilka, wife of an Albanian Protestant minister, were kidnapped while traveling between [[Bansko]] and Gorna Dzhumaya (now [[Blagoevgrad]]), by an [[Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization]] detachment led by the [[voivoda]] [[Yane Sandanski]] and the sub-voivodas [[Hristo Chernopeev]] and [[Krǎstyo Asenov]] and ransomed to provide funds for revolutionary activities. Eventually, a heavy ransom (14,000 [[Ottoman lira]] (about US$62,000 at 1902 gold prices or $5 million at 2012 gold prices) raised by public subscription in the USA was paid on 18 January 1902 in [[Bansko]] and the hostages (now including a newborn baby) were released on 2 February near [[Strumica]]—a full five months after being kidnapped. Widely covered by the media at the time, the event has been often dubbed "America's first modern hostage crisis".

The Bulgarian royal house, of Catholic German extraction, was unsympathetic to the American inspired Protestants, and this mood became worse when Bulgaria sided with Germany in WWI and WWII.{{sfn|Mojzes|Shenk|1992|p=212}} Matters became much worse when the [[Bulgarian Communist Party]] took power in 1944. Like the royal family, it too saw Protestantism closely linked to the West and hence more politically dangerous than traditional Orthodox Christianity. This prompted repressive legislation in the form of "Regulations for the Organization and Administration of the Evangelical Churches in the People's Republic of Bulgaria" and resulted in the harshest government repression, possibly the worst in the entire [[Eastern Bloc]], intended to extinguish Protestantism altogether. Mass arrests of pastors (and often their families), torture, long prison sentences (including four life sentences) and even disappearance were common. Similar tactics were used on parishioners.

In fifteen highly publicized mock show-trials between 8 February and 8 March 1949, all the accused pastors confessed to a range of charges against them, including treason, spying (for both the US and Yugoslavia), black marketing, and various immoral acts. State appointed pastors were foisted on surviving congregations. As late as the 1980s, imprisonment and exile were still employed to destroy the remaining Protestant churches. The Congregationalist magazine "Zornitsa" was banned; Bibles became unobtainable.{{sfn|Mojzes|Shenk|1992|pp=214–215}} As a result, the number of Congregationalists is small and estimated by [[Paul Mojzes]] in 1982 to number about 5,000, in 20 churches. (Total Protestants in Bulgaria were estimated in 1965 to have been between 10,000 and 20,000.){{sfn|Mojzes|Shenk|1992|pp=209–236, 383}} More recent estimates indicate enrollment in Protestant ("Evangelical" or "Gospel") churches of between 100,000 and 200,000,<ref>{{cite book |title=Religious Revitalization Among Bulgarians During and After the Communist Time |last1=Altanov |first1=Velislav |year=c. 2012 |publisher=Sent in private email communication from Dr. Paul Mojzes |isbn= }}</ref> presumably reflecting the success of more recent missionary efforts of evangelical groups.

=== Canada ===
In Canada, the first foreign field, thirty-one churches that had been affiliated with the General Conference became part of the [[United Church of Canada]] when that denomination was founded in 1925 by the merger of the Canadian Congregationalist and [[Methodism|Methodist]] churches, and two-thirds of the congregations of the [[Presbyterian Church in Canada]]. In 1988, a number of UCC congregations separated from the national church, which they felt was moving away theologically and in practice from Biblical Christianity. Many of the former UCC congregations banded together as the new [[Congregational Christian Churches in Canada]].

The Congregational Christian Churches in Canada (or 4Cs) is an evangelical, Protestant, Christian denomination, headquartered in Brantford, Ontario, and a member of the [[World Evangelical Congregational Fellowship]]. The name "congregational" generally describes its preferred organizational style, which promotes local church autonomy and ownership, while fostering fellowship and accountability between churches at the National level.

=== Ireland ===
The [[Congregational Union of Ireland]] was founded in 1829 and currently has around 26 member churches. In 1899 it absorbed the Irish Evangelical Society.<ref>{{cite web |last=Boyle |first=Tom |url=http://www.cuofi.com/whoweare.html |title=The Congregational Union Of Ireland |access-date=2013-06-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517181834/http://www.cuofi.com/whoweare.html |archive-date=2013-05-17 }}</ref>

=== Samoa ===
[[File:Bechuana Congregation (relates to David Livingstone) by The London Missionary Society cropped.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|right|The [[London Missionary Society]] preaching to native peoples of [[Oceania]]]]
The [[Congregational Christian Church of Samoa]] is one of the largest group of churches throughout the Pacific Region. It was founded in 1830 by the [[London Missionary Society]] missionary [[John Williams (missionary)|John Williams]] on the island of [[Savai'i]] in the village of Sapapali'i. As the church grew it established and continues to support theological colleges in Samoa and Fiji. There are over 100,000 members attending over 2,000 congregations throughout the world, most of which are located in Samoa, American Samoa, New Zealand, Australia and America. The [[Christian Congregational Church of Jamaica]] falls under the constitution of the Samoan Church.

=== South Africa ===
Congregational churches were brought to the [[Cape Colony]] by British settlers.
[[File:Albion Church, Ashton-under-Lyne.jpg|thumb|[[Albion Congregational Church]] in [[Ashton-Under-Lyne]]]]

=== United Kingdom ===
The [[Congregational Union of England and Wales]] was established in 1831.<ref name="archives">{{cite web |title=Congregational Union/Church Archives |url=http://conglib.co.uk/collections/congregational-unionchurch-archives/ |website=Congregational Library |accessdate=1 July 2020}}</ref> It had no authority over the affiliated churches, but instead aimed to advise and support them.<ref name="oxford">{{cite book |last1=Cross |first1=F. L. |title=The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church |date=2015 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=978-0192802903 |page=403}}</ref>
In 1972, about three-quarters of English Congregational churches merged with the [[English Presbyterianism|Presbyterian Church of England]] to form the [[United Reformed Church]] (URC). However, about 600 Congregational churches have continued in their historic independent tradition. Under the [[United Reformed Church Act 1972]] (c. xviii), which dealt with the financial and property issues arising from the merger between what had become by then the [[Congregational Church of England and Wales]] and the [[Presbyterian Church of England]], certain assets were divided between the various parties.

[[File:'A Missionary Preaching to the Natives, under a Skreen of platted Cocoa-nut leaves at Kairua' by William Ellis.jpg|thumb|[[William Ellis (British missionary)|William Ellis]] preaching to the Natives, Hawaii, {{circa|1823}}]]
In England, there are three main groups of continuing Congregationalists. These are the [[Congregational Federation]], which has offices in Nottingham and Manchester, the [[Evangelical Fellowship of Congregational Churches]], which has offices in Beverley, and about 100 Congregational churches that are loosely federated with other congregations in the [[Fellowship of Independent Evangelical Churches]], or are unaffiliated. The unaffiliated churches' share of the assets of the Congregational Union/Church of England and Wales is administered by a [[Registered charity in England|registered charity]], the Unaffiliated Congregational Churches Charities,<ref>(EW charity: 273854) Charities Administered in connection with the Unaffiliated Congregational Churches</ref> which supports the unaffiliated churches and their retired ministers.

In 1981, the United Reformed Church merged with the re-formed Association of Churches of Christ and, in 2000, just over half of the churches in the [[Congregational Union of Scotland]] also joined the United Reformed Church (via the United Reformed Church Act 2000<ref>[http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/2000/2/enacted 2000 c.ii] at legislation.gov.uk</ref>). The remainder of Congregational churches in Scotland joined the Congregational Federation.

[[Wales]] traditionally is the part which has the largest share of Congregationalists among the population, most Congregationalists being members of ''Undeb yr Annibynwyr Cymraeg'' (the [[Union of Welsh Independents]]), which is particularly important in [[Carmarthenshire]] and [[Brecknockshire]].

The [[London Missionary Society]] was effectively the world mission arm of British Congregationalists, sponsoring missionaries including [[Eric Liddell]] and [[David Livingstone]]. After mergers and changes of name, the Society was succeeded in 1977 by the worldwide [[Council for World Mission]].

=== United States ===
[[File:South Congregational Church - Hartford, Connecticut.jpg|thumb|South Congregational Church in [[Hartford, Connecticut]]]]
In the United States, the Congregational tradition traces its origins mainly to [[Puritan]] settlers of [[colonial New England]]. Congregational churches have had an important role in the political, religious and cultural history of the United States. Their practices concerning church governance influenced the early development of democratic institutions in New England,{{Sfn|Cooper|1999|p=18}} and some of the nation's oldest educational institutions, such as [[Harvard University|Harvard]] and [[Yale University]], were founded to train Congregational clergy. In the 21st century, the Congregational tradition is represented by the [[United Church of Christ]], the [[National Association of Congregational Christian Churches]], [[Conservative Congregational Christian Conference]], the [[Evangelical Association of Reformed and Congregational Christian Churches|Evangelical Association]] and many unaffiliated local churches. Some congregations and denominations are [[Conservative Christianity|conservative]] on social issues, (e.g. [[Conservative Congregational Christian Conference|CCCC]]) while others are [[Liberal Christianity|liberal]] (e.g. [[United Church of Christ|UCC]]).

==See also==
*[[Arminianism]]
*[[Fellowship of Independent Evangelical Churches]]
*[[List of Congregational churches]]
*[[Continental Reformed church]]
*[[Reformed Baptist|Reformed Baptists]]

==Notes==
*TBD
==Further reading==
===United States===
* McConnell, Michael W. "Establishment and Disestablishment at the Founding, Part I: Establishment of Religion" ''William and Mary Law Review'', Vol. 44, 2003, pp. 2105
* Swift, David Everett. "Conservative versus Progressive Orthodoxy in Latter Nineteenth Century Congregationalism." ''Church History'' 16#1 (March, 1947): 22–31.
* Walker, Williston. "Changes in Theology Among American Congregationalists." ''American Journal of Theology'' 10#2 (April 1906): 204–218.
* Walker, Williston. ''The Creeds and Platforms of Congregationalism.'' 3rd ed. Boston, MA: Pilgrim Press, 1960.
* Walker, Williston. "Recent Tendencies in the Congregational Churches." ''The American Journal of Theology'' 24#1 (January, 1920): 1–18.

=== United Kingdom ===
* Argent, Alan. ''The Transformation of Congregationalism 1900–2000'' (Nottingham: Congregational Federation, 2013)
* Eamon Duffy. ''[[The Stripping of the Altars]]: Traditional Religion in England, c.1400 to c.1580'' (Cambridge, 1992)
* [[Robert William Dale|Dale, Robert William]], [https://archive.org/details/historyenglishc00dalegoog/page/n6/mode/2up ''History of English Congregationalism''] (London: Hodder & Stoughton / New York: A. C. Armstrong & Son, 1907)
* Hooper, Thomas. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=RNorAAAAYAAJ The Story of English Congregationalism]'' (1907)
* Barkley, Stephen. "[http://victorianweb.org/religion/larsen5.html The Congregationalists]"
* Ottewill, Roger Martin. "[http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/6232/1/Ottewill15PhD.pdf Faith and good works: congregationalism in Edwardian Hampshire 1901–1914]" (PhD. Diss. University of Birmingham, 2015) Bibliography pp 389–417.
* Rimmington, Gerald. "Congregationalism in Rural Leicestershire and Rutland 1863–1914." ''Midland History'' 30, no.1 (2006): 91–104.
* Rimmington, Gerald. "Congregationalism and Society in Leicester 1872–1914." ''Local Historian'' 37#1 (2007): 29–44.
* Thompson, David. ''Nonconformity in the Nineteenth Century'' (1972).
* Thompson, David M. ''The Decline of Congregationalism in the Twentieth-Century.'' (London: The Congregational Memorial Hall Trust, 2002).

===Older works by [[John Waddington (cleric)|John Waddington]]===
* ''Congregational Martyrs''. London, 1861, intended to form part of a series of 'Historical Papers,' which, however, were not continued; 2nd ed. 1861
*''Congregational Church History from the Reformation to 1662'', London, 1862, awarded the bicentenary prize offered by the Congregational Union
* ''Surrey Congregational History'', London, 1866, in which he dealt more particularly with the records of his own congregation.
* ''Congregational History'', 5 vols., London, 1869–1880

==External links==
*[http://www.congregationallibrary.org/ Congregational Library and Archives in Boston, Massachusetts]

==References==

[[Category:Congregationalism_(tradition)]]
[[Category:Christian terminology]]
[[Category:Reformed denominations]]

Banner of Truth Trust

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ReformedMandalorian:

{{Infobox publisher
| image = File:Banner-of-Truth.jpg
| status = Active
| date_founded = 1957
| founders = [[Iain Murray]], [[Jack Cullum]], [[Sidney Norton]]
| headquarters = [[wikipedia:Edinburgh|Edinburgh]], [[wikipedia:Scotland|Scotland]] (UK)<br/>[[wikipedia:Carlisle, Pennsylvania|Carlisle, Pennsylvania]] (US)
| distribution = Worldwide
| publications = Books, magazine
| url = [https://banneroftruth.org banneroftruth.org]
}}
The '''Banner of Truth Trust''' is an [[Evangelical]] and [[Calvinist|Reformed]] non-profit<ref name="AboutBTT">[http://banneroftruth.org/us/about/the-story-of-banner/ "The Story of The Banner of Truth"] by [[Iain Murray|Iain H. Murray]].</ref> publishing house, structured as a charitable trust<ref>[http://www.charity-commission.gov.uk/ Charity Commission for England and Wales] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100402222408/http://www.charity-commission.gov.uk/ |date=2 April 2010 }} registered charity 235652.</ref> and founded in [[wikipedia:London|London]] in 1957<ref name="SJStein"/> by [[Iain Murray]], Sidney Norton and Jack Cullum.<ref name="AboutBTT" /> Its offices are now in [[wikipedia:Edinburgh]], Scotland with a key branch office and distribution point in [[wikipedia:Carlisle, Pennsylvania|Carlisle, Pennsylvania]].<ref name="AboutBTT"/> It positions itself within the [[Conservative evangelicalism in the United Kingdom|conservative evangelical]] wing of the church, and has been described as "an extremely powerful organization within British [[Nonconformist (Protestantism)|nonconformist]] evangelicalism."<ref name="TGeorge"/>

The trust publishes a monthly magazine called ''The Banner of Truth'' ({{ISSN|0408-4748}}) which normally appears eleven times per year, with there being a single issue for August and September.<ref>[http://www.banneroftruth.org/pages/magazines/content.php The Banner of Truth Magazine Monthly Contents] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927052755/http://www.banneroftruth.org/pages/magazines/content.php |date=27 September 2011 }}</ref> The magazine first appeared in September 1955<ref>The Banner of Truth Trust (1990), ''Index to Banner of Truth'', 1955-1989: "index to all issues of The Banner of Truth, the Trust's monthly magazine from the first issue in September 1955."</ref> and as of December 2010 had reached issue number 566.<ref>[http://www.banneroftruth.org/pages/magazines/2010/12/issue566.php ''The Banner of Truth'', Contents, Issue 566, December 2010] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927052759/http://www.banneroftruth.org/pages/magazines/2010/12/issue566.php |date=27 September 2011 }}</ref>

The Banner of Truth Trust also holds conferences in three countries: UK (annual youth conference and annual ministers' conference<ref>[http://www.banneroftruth.co.uk/pages/events/ukconfexhib.php Banner of Truth United Kingdom Conference Schedule] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327215115/http://www.banneroftruth.co.uk/pages/events/ukconfexhib.php |date=27 March 2012 }}.</ref>), United States (annual conference<ref>{{cite journal |last=Luimes|first=M.|date=May–June 2006 |title=American Banner of Truth Conference |journal=The Trumpet |publisher=[[Orthodox Christian Reformed Churches in North America]]}}</ref>), and Australia (every two years<ref>{{cite journal |last=Kavanagh |first=Chris |year=2004 |title=Banner of Truth Conference: Sydney 2004 |journal=Faith in Focus: Magazine of the Reformed Churches of New Zealand |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=4–5 |url=http://www.rcnzonline.com/fnf/backissues/Jun_2004.pdf |accessdate=17 August 2011}}</ref>).

The trust has been connected with the revival of interest in [[evangelical]] [[Calvinism]] in 20th century England.<ref>{{cite book|last=Moes|first=Garry J.|title=Streams of Civilization: Cultures in Conflict Since The Reformation Until The Third Millennium After Christ, Volume 2|year=2003|publisher=Christian Liberty Press|page=396}}</ref> It has promoted Puritan theology<ref name="TGeorge">{{cite book|last=George|first=Timothy|author-link=Timothy George|title=J. I. Packer and the Evangelical Future: The Impact of His Life and Thought|year=2009|publisher=Baker|pages=1900, 1905}}</ref> and helped resurrect the ideas of [[Jonathan Edwards]].<ref name="SJStein">{{cite book |last=Stein |first=Stephen J. |title=The Cambridge Companion to Jonathan Edwards |year=2007 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=230}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Hart|first1=Darryl G. |author-link1=D. G. Hart|last2=Lucas|first2=Sean Michael |title=The Legacy of Jonathan Edwards: American Religion and the Evangelical Tradition |year=2007 |publisher=Baker |page=21}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Lee|first=Sang Hyun |title=The Princeton Companion to Jonathan Edwards |year=2005 |publisher=Princeton University Press |page=305}}</ref> [[wikipedia:Alister McGrath]] refers to the "revival in [[Puritan]] spirituality that had been borne aloft on the wings of Banner of Truth's inexpensive paperbacks."

The Banner of Truth Trust's logo depicts [[George Whitefield]] preaching.<ref>https://banneroftruth.org/us/about/our-mission/ |publisher=Banner of Truth Trust</ref>

== External links ==
*[http://banneroftruth.org/us/about/the-story-of-banner/ "The Story of The Banner of Truth"] by Iain H. Murray
*[http://www.reformation-today.org/finder/ The Finder of Reformed Christian Sources] – magazine & conferences index, compiled by Michael Keen

==References==

[[Category:Christian publishing companies]]
[[Category:Non-profit publishers]]
[[Category:Book publishing companies of Scotland]]
[[Category:Calvinist organizations established in the 20th century]]

Congregationalist Church

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ReformedMandalorian: Redirected page to Congregationalism (tradition)

#REDIRECT [[Congregationalism (tradition)]]

Congregationalist church

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ReformedMandalorian: Redirected page to Congregationalism (tradition)

#REDIRECT [[Congregationalism (tradition)]]

List of Reformed Baptists

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ReformedMandalorian:

The [[Reformed Baptist]] (or "Particular Baptist") movement has had several notable and influential figures throughout its history.

== 17th Century ==
*[[John Bunyan]] (1628–1688):<ref name="Ward">{{cite book|last1=Ward|first1=Rowland|last2=Humphreys|first2=Robert|edition=3rd|title=Religious Bodies in Australia: A comprehensive Guide|year=1995|publisher=New Melbourne Press|isbn=978-0-646-24552-2|page=119}}</ref> English preacher and author of ''[[The Pilgrim's Progress]]''
*[[Hercules Collins]] (ca. 1646–1702): English Pastor, author of ''An Orthodox Catechism'', and signer of the 1689 London Baptist Confession
*[[Benjamin Cox (minister)|Benjamin Coxe]]: English Pastor and theologian, signer of the [[First London Baptist Confession]], father of Nehemiah Coxe
*Nehemiah Coxe: English Pastor and signer of the [[1689 London Baptist Confession of Faith|1689 London Baptist Confession]], son of Benjamin Coxe
*[[Anne Dutton]] (1692–1765): English poet and associate of [[John Wesley]] and [[George Whitefield]]
*[[Benjamin Keach]] (1640–1704): English theologian, pastor of [[Metropolitan Tabernacle]], writer of [[Keach's Catechism]], signer of the [[1689 London Baptist Confession of Faith|1689 London Baptist Confession]]
*[[Roger Williams]] (1603–1683): American minister and founder of Rhode Island. Williams later left the Reformed Baptists
*[[Hanserd Knollys]] (1599–1691): English Particular Baptist and signatory of the [[Confession of Faith (1644)|1644 First London Baptist Confession]] and [[Confession of Faith (1689)|1689 Second London Baptist Confession of Faith]]
*William Kiffin (1616–1701): English Particular Baptist and signatory of the [[Confession of Faith (1644)|1644 First London Baptist Confession]] and [[Confession of Faith (1689)|1689 Second London Baptist Confession of Faith]]

Other early Particular Baptists include: [[Henry Jessey]], [[John Spilsbury (Baptist minister)|John Spilsbury]], [https://www.ccel.org/creeds/bcf/biowc.htm William Collins], [[John Tombes]]

== 18th Century ==

*[[William Carey (missionary)|William Carey]] (1761–1834):<ref name="Ward" /> English missionary
*[[William Gadsby]] (1773–1844): an early leader of the [[Strict Baptists|Strict and Particular Baptist]] movement in England.<ref name="GarrettPage198">{{cite book |last=Garrett |first=James Leo jr |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=epEHq0mTsKgC&pg=PA198 |title=Baptist Theology: A Four-Century Study |publisher=[[Mercer University Press]] |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-88146-129-9 |page=198 |author-link=James Leo Garrett Jr. |accessdate=2012-03-19}}</ref>
*[[Andrew Fuller]] (1754–1815):<ref name="Ward" /> founder of the [[Baptist Missionary Society]]
*[[John Gill (theologian)|John Gill]] (1697–1771):<ref name="Ward" /> English theologian and pastor of [[Metropolitan Tabernacle]]
*[[Adoniram Judson]] (1788–1850): first Protestant missionary sent from North America to preach in [[Burma]]

Other notable Reformed Baptists in this period include: [[Basil Manly Sr.|Basil Manly Sr]], [https://founders.org/articles/the-man-converted-through-his-own-preaching/ Elias Keach], [[John Rippon]], [[John Ryland]], [[Joseph Swain (poet)|Joseph Swain]]

== 19th Century ==

* [[Charles Spurgeon]] (1834–1892):<ref name="Ward" /> English author and pastor of [[Metropolitan Tabernacle]]
* [[John L. Dagg]] (1794–1884): Author of the Manual of Theology, the first Baptist systematic theology in America
* [[James Petigru Boyce|James P. Boyce]] (1827–1888): Founder of the [[Southern Baptist Theological Seminary]]
* [[William Knibb]] (1803–1845): Missionary to Jamaica chiefly known today for his work to free enslaved Africans.

Other notable Reformed Baptists in this period include [[Robert Hall (minister)|Robert Hall]], [[Robert Haldane]], [[James Haldane]], [[Alexander Maclaren]], [[Krishna Pal]], [[Benajah Harvey Carroll]], [[Basil Manly Jr.|Basil Manly Jr]]

== 20th Century ==
* [[Arthur Pink|Arthur W Pink]] (1886–1952): Little known in his own lifetime despite pastoring on both sides of the Atlantic, Pink is one of the most influential evangelical and Reformed authors in the twentieth century due to his magazine ''Studies in the Scriptures'', which have been the source of many influential books e.g. ''The Sovereignty of God'', ''The Attributes of God'', ''Gleanings in Genesis''.
* [[Ernest Reisinger]] (1919-2004): An American Reformed Baptist pastor who played a key part in recovery of Calvinism in the [[Southern Baptist Convention]]. His influence led to the establishment of [[Founders Ministries]].
* [[Geoff Thomas (pastor)|Geoff Thomas]] (b. 1938): Minister of Alfred Place Baptist Church in Aberystwyth, Wales, from 1965 for 50 years.
* [[Walter Chantry]] (1938–2022): Pastor of [[Grace Baptist Church (Carlisle, Pennsylvania)]] for 39 years. He also edited the [[Banner of Truth Trust|Banner of Truth]] Magazine for 7 years.
* [[Albert N Martin]] (b. 1934): Pastor of Trinity Baptist Church Montville, New Jersey for 46 years and taught Pastoral Theology at Trinity Ministerial Academy for 20 years.
* [[Erroll Hulse]] (1931–2017): Pastor of Cuckfield Baptist Church in West Sussex, later of Leeds Reformed Baptist Church. He edited ''[[Reformation Today]]'' magazine from 1970 to 2013 and was the founder of the annual Carey Conference.

== 21st Century ==

*[[James Renihan|Dr. James Renihan]], president of [[IRBS Seminary]]
* [[Thomas Ascol]] (b. 1957): American author, Pastor of Grace Baptist Church in Cape Coral, FL, President of [[Founders Ministries|Founders Ministry]]
* [[Voddie Baucham]] (b. 1969): American theologian, Former Pastor of Grace Family Baptist Church in Spring, TX, Professor at African Christian University in [[Lusaka]], Zambia. Lived in Zambia from 2015 - 2024.
* [[Alistair Begg]] (b. 1952): Scottish-American pastor and author, host of the ''Truth for Life'' radio program.
* [[D. A. Carson]] (b. 1946): Canadian-American theologian and New Testament scholar.
* [[Matt Chandler (pastor)|Matt Chandler]] (b. 1974): American pastor<ref>{{cite web |title=Home | the Village Church |url=http://www.thevillagechurch.net/about/matt-chandler/ |access-date=2016-09-09 |website=www.thevillagechurch.net}}</ref> and President of the [[Acts 29 Network]]<ref>{{cite web |title=About |url=http://www.acts29.com/about/ |access-date=2016-09-09 |website=www.acts29.com}}</ref>
* [[Mark Dever]] (b. 1960):<ref>{{cite news |last=Burek |first=Josh |date=27 March 2010 |title=Christian faith: Calvinism is back |newspaper=[[The Christian Science Monitor]] |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Society/2010/0327/Christian-faith-Calvinism-is-back |accessdate=16 March 2011}}</ref> American Reformed Baptist, Pastor of [[Capitol Hill Baptist Church|Capital Hill Baptist Church]], and founder of [[9Marks Ministries|9Marks Ministry]]
* [[Peter Masters]] (b. 1940): British author and Pastor of the Metropolitan Tabernacle, London, UK.
* [[Albert Mohler]] (b. 1959): American theologian and president of the [[Southern Baptist Theological Seminary]].
* [[John Piper (theologian)|John Piper]] (b. 1946):<ref>{{cite web |date=March 1985 |title=What We Believe About the Five Points of Calvinism |url=http://www.desiringgod.org/resource-library/articles/what-we-believe-about-the-five-points-of-calvinism |accessdate=16 March 2011}}</ref> American preacher and author.
* [[David Platt (pastor)|David Platt]] (b. 1979): American pastor and former President of the [[International Mission Board]].
* [[James White (theologian)|James White]] (b. 1962):<ref>[http://www.aomin.org/articles/bio.html James R. White - Alpha and Omega Ministries] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120103162744/http://aomin.org/articles/bio.html|date=2012-01-03}}. Retrieved 2012-01-02.</ref> American Apologist, Author, and Pastor at Apologia Church.

== See also ==
* [[List of Reformed Baptist associations]]
* [[List of Reformed Baptist ministries]]
* [[List of Reformed Baptist publishers]]

== References==

Charles Wesley

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ReformedMandalorian:

{{Infobox clergy
| honorific_prefix= [[The Reverend]]
| name = Charles Wesley
| image = Charles Wesley.jpg
| birth_date = December 18, 1707
| birth_place = [[wikipedia:Epworth, England|Epworth]], [[wikipedia:Lincolnshire|Lincolnshire]], [[wikipedia:Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]]
| death_date = March 29, 1788 (aged 80)
| death_place = [[wikipedia:London|London]], [[wikipedia:Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]]
| education = [[wikipedia:Westminster School|Westminster School]] and [[wikipedia:Christ Church, Oxford|Christ Church, Oxford]]
| occupation = Cleric, hymnist, poet
| church = [[Church of England]]
| congregations = [[New Room, Bristol]]
| spouse = [[Sarah Wesley]] (''{{née}}'' Gwynne)
| parents = [[Samuel Wesley (poet, died 1735)|Samuel]] (father) and [[Susanna Wesley]] (mother)
| family = [[Samuel Wesley (the Younger)|Samuel Wesley]] (brother), [[Mehetabel Wesley Wright]] (sister), [[John Wesley]] (brother)
| children = 8, including [[Samuel Wesley (composer, born 1766)|Samuel Wesley]]<ref name="mywesleyanmethodists">https://www.mywesleyanmethodists.org.uk/content/people-2/the-wesley-family/charles-wesley</ref>
}}
'''Charles Wesley''' (18 December 1707 – 29 March 1788) was an English [[Anglican]] [[cleric]] and a principal leader of the [[Methodist]] movement. Wesley was a prolific hymnwriter who wrote over 6,500 [[hymn]]s during his lifetime.<ref name="Hunton1917">{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/favoritehymnsst00huntgoog |pages=[https://archive.org/details/favoritehymnsst00huntgoog/page/n140 94]–97 |title=Favorite Hymns: Stories of the Origin, Authorship, and Use of Hymns We Love |first1=William Lee |last1=Hunton |date=1917 |publisher=General Council Publication House}}</ref> His works include "[[And Can It Be]]", "[[O for a Thousand Tongues to Sing]]", "[[Christ the Lord Is Risen Today]]", "[[Love Divine, All Loves Excelling]]", the carol "[[Hark! The Herald Angels Sing]]", and "[[Lo! He Comes With Clouds Descending]]".

Wesley was born in [[wikipedia:Epworth, Lincolnshire|Epworth, Lincolnshire]], the son of Anglican cleric and poet [[Samuel Wesley (poet, died 1735)|Samuel Wesley]] and his wife [[Susanna Wesley|Susanna]]. He was a younger brother of Methodist founder [[John Wesley]] and Anglican cleric [[Samuel Wesley (the Younger)|Samuel Wesley the Younger]]. He was the father of musician [[Samuel Wesley (composer, born 1766)|Samuel Wesley]] and the grandfather of musician [[Samuel Sebastian Wesley]].

He was educated at [[wikipedia:Oxford University|Oxford University]], where his brothers had also studied, and he formed the "[[Holy Club]]" among his fellow students in 1729. John Wesley later joined this group, as did [[George Whitefield]]. Charles followed his father and brother into [[Anglican ministry|ministry]] in 1735, and he travelled with John to [[wikipedia:Province of Georgia|Georgia]] in America, returning a year later. Following their [[Evangelical Revival|evangelical]] conversions in 1738, the Wesley brothers travelled throughout Britain, converting followers to the Methodist revival through preaching and hymn-singing. In 1749, he married [[Sarah Gwynne]], daughter of a Welsh gentleman who had been converted to Methodism by [[Howell Harris]]. From 1756 his ministry became more static and he ministered in [[wikipedia:Bristol|Bristol]], and later [[wikipedia:London|London]].

Despite their closeness, Charles and John did not always agree on questions relating to their beliefs. In particular, Charles was strongly opposed to the idea of a breach with the [[Church of England]] in which they had been ordained.<ref name=bbc>{{cite web|title=Charles Wesley|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/christianity/people/charleswesley_1.shtml|publisher=BBC|access-date=19 November 2013|date=6 August 2009}}</ref>

==Biography==
[[File:Charles wesley.jpg|thumb|upright|right|The 'Lily Portrait' of a young Wesley in the [[New Room, Bristol]]<ref name="Vickers2008"/>]]

===Early life===
Charles Wesley was the eighteenth child of [[Susanna Wesley]] and [[Samuel Wesley (poet, died 1735)|Samuel Wesley]]. He was born in [[wikipedia:Epworth, England|Epworth]], [[wikipedia:Lincolnshire|Lincolnshire]], [[wikipedia:England|England]], where his father was [[Rector (ecclesiastical)|rector]].<ref name=bbc/> In 1716, at the age of 8, he entered [[wikipedia:Westminster School|Westminster School]], where his brother Samuel was usher. He was selected as [[wikipedia:Queen's Scholar (Westminster School)|King's Scholar]] in 1721 and head boy in 1725–26, before matriculating at [[wikipedia:Christ Church, Oxford|Christ Church, Oxford]].<ref name="Vickers2008">{{cite web |editor-last1=Vickers |editor-first1=John A. |title=Wesley, Charles |url=https://dmbi.online/index.php?do=app.entry&id=2944 |work=A Dictionary of Methodism in Britain and Ireland}}</ref>

At Oxford, Wesley formed a prayer group among his fellow students in 1727; his elder brother, John, joined in 1729, soon becoming its leader and moulding it in line with his own convictions. They focused on studying the Bible and living a holy life. Other students mocked them, saying they were the "[[Holy Club]]", "Sacramentarians", and "the [[Methodists]]", being methodical and exceptionally detailed in their Bible study, opinions and disciplined lifestyle.<ref name=bbc/> The Wesleys' future colleague, [[George Whitefield]]. joined the group. Wesley tutored while studying; he graduated in 1732 with a master's degree in classical languages and literature. He followed his father and brothers into [[Anglican orders]], being ordained as a [[priest]] in September 1735.<ref name="Vickers2008"/> That same year his father died.

===Voyage to America===
On 14 October 1735, Wesley and his brother John sailed on ''The Simmonds'' from [[wikipedia:Gravesend, Kent|Gravesend, Kent]], for [[wikipedia:Savannah, Georgia|Savannah]] in the [[wikipedia:Province of Georgia|Georgia colony]] of [[wikipedia:British America|British America]] at the request of the governor, [[wikipedia:James Oglethorpe|James Oglethorpe]]. Wesley was appointed Secretary of Indian Affairs and while John remained in Savannah, Wesley went as chaplain to the garrison and colony at nearby [[wikipedia:St. Simons, Georgia#Fort Frederica|Fort Frederica]], [[wikipedia:St. Simons, Georgia|St. Simon's Island]], arriving there on 9 March 1736 according to his journal entry.<ref name="nnu.edu">
{{cite book |language=en |last1=Wesley |first1=Charles |last2=Jackson |first2=Thomas |location=Kansas City, Mo |publisher=Beacon Hill’s |date=1980 |chapter=March 9 – August 30, 1736 |title=The Journal of Charles Wesley (1707–1788) (1872) |chapter-url=http://wesley.nnu.edu/charles-wesley/the-journal-of-charles-wesley-1707-1788/the-journal-of-charles-wesley-march-9-august-30-1736 }}</ref> Matters did not turn out well, and he was largely rejected by the settlers. In July 1736, Wesley was commissioned to England as the bearer of dispatches to the trustees of the colony. On 16 August 1736, he sailed from [[wikipedia:Charleston, South Carolina|Charleston, South Carolina]], never to return to the Georgia colony.

===Ministry===
In 1738 the Wesley brothers, both dejected following their unsuccessful mission, had [[religious experiences]]: Charles experienced an [[evangelical]] conversion (or "renewal of faith"<ref name="Nutter">{{cite book |editor1-last=Nutter |editor1-first=Charles Summer |title=An Illustrated and Annotated Edition of the Hymnal of the Methodist Episcopal Church |date=1900 |publisher=[[Methodist Episcopal Church]] |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/hymnstudiesillus0000unse |access-date=30 April 2024 |pages=49–50}}</ref>) on 21 May and John had a similar experience in [[wikipedia:Aldersgate Street|Aldersgate Street]] just three days later. A City of London [[blue plaque]] at 13 [[Little Britain, London|Little Britain]], near the church of [[wikipedia:St Botolph, Aldersgate|St Botolph, Aldersgate]], off [[wikipedia:St. Martin's Le Grand|St. Martin's Le Grand]], marks the site of the former house of John Bray, reputed to be the scene of Wesley's evangelical conversion. It reads, "Adjoining this site stood the house of John Bray. Scene of Charles Wesley's evangelical conversion, May 21st 1738".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://openplaques.org/plaques/5300 |title=Plaque № 5300 |publisher=openplaques.org |access-date=4 March 2013}}</ref> Wesley commemorated the first anniversary of his religious experience by composing an 18-stanza poem, with its seventh verse, beginning "[[O for a thousand tongues to sing]]", now serving as the opening of a shorter hymn.<ref name="Nutter"/>

Wesley felt renewed strength to spread [[the gospel]] to ordinary people and it was around then that he began to write the poetic hymns for which he would become known. In January 1739, he was appointed as [[curate]] to serve at [[St Mary's Church, Islington]], but was forced to resign when the churchwardens objected to his [[evangelical]] preaching.<ref name="mywesleyanmethodists"/> Later that same year, finding that they were unwelcome inside parish churches, the Wesley brothers took to preaching to crowds in open fields. They were influenced by [[George Whitefield]], whose [[open-air preaching]] was already reaching great numbers of Bristol colliers.<ref name=bbc/> Charles Wesley wrote to Whitefield regularly and is mentioned in many of Whitefield's journal entries. [[George Whitefield|Whitefield]] drew from many of Wesley's hymns and even had one written to him by Wesley.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hendry |first=Micah |date=2023-07-19 |title=Christians You Should Know: Charles Wesley |url=https://enjoyingthejourney.org/christians-you-should-know-charles-wesley/ |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=Enjoying the Journey |language=en-US}}</ref> From 1740, Charles and John were the joint leaders of the [[Evangelical Revival|Methodist Revival]] and [[evangelism|evangelised]] throughout Britain and Ireland.<ref name=Cheetham2003>{{cite book |last1=Cheetham |first1=J. Keith |title=On the trail of John Wesley |date=2003 |publisher=Luath Press |location=Edinburgh |isbn=9781842820230 }}</ref> They were opposed by many Anglican clergy, especially when their appointed [[Methodist local preacher|lay preachers]] began to preach in parishes without seeking permission. In [[wikipedia:Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]], Wesley established its first Methodist society in September 1742 and faced mob violence in [[wikipedia:Wednesbury|Wednesbury]] and [[wikipedia:Sheffield|Sheffield]] in 1743 and at [[wikipedia:Devizes|Devizes]] in 1747.<ref |name="mywesleyanmethodists"/><ref name="Vickers2008"/>

Following a period of illness, after 1756 Wesley made no more journeys to distant parts of the country, mainly just moving between Bristol and London.<ref name="Rack45_46">{{Cite book | last=Rack | first=Henry D. | editor1-last=Newport | editor1-first=Kenneth G.C. |editor2-last=Campbell | editor2-first=Ted A. | title=Charles Wesley: Life, Literature and Legacy | publisher=Epworth | location=Peterborough | year=2007 | isbn=9780716206071 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nWAmAQAAIAAJ}}</ref>{{rp|45–46}} Increasingly in his later years, Wesley became the mouthpiece of the so-called "[[wikipedia:Church of England|Church]] Methodists"—he was strongly opposed to a separation of Methodism from its Anglican roots.<ref name="Rack45_46" /> In the 1780s, he was especially dismayed by his brother's [[ordination]] of Methodist ministers to serve in America, which he criticized in a published poem.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Tomkins |first1=Stephen |title=John Wesley: A Biography |date=2003 |publisher=Lion |location=Oxford |isbn=0-7459-5078-7 |page=186}}</ref>

===Marriage and children===
[[File:Charles Wesley (4368240967).jpg|thumb|right|Plaque in Marylebone commemorating the site of Wesley's house (now a pub)]]
In April 1749, he married the much younger [[Sarah Wesley|Sarah Gwynne]] (1726–1822), also known as Sally.<ref name=Cheetham2003 />{{rp|95–97}} She was the daughter of [[wikipedia:Marmaduke Gwynne|Marmaduke Gwynne]], a wealthy [[wikipedia:Wales|Welsh]] magistrate who had been converted to Methodism by [[Howell Harris]].<ref name="Barry141_146">{{Cite book | last=Barry | first=Joseph | editor1-last=Temperley | editor1-first=Nicholas |editor2-last=Banfield | editor2-first=Stephen | title=Music and the Wesleys | publisher=University of Illinois Press | location=Urbana | year=2010 | pages=141–146 | isbn=978-0-252-07767-8}}</ref> They moved into a [[Charles Wesley's House|house at 4 Charles Street in Bristol]] in September 1749.<ref name="Vickers2008"/><ref name=Cheetham2003 /> Sarah accompanied the brothers on their journeys throughout Britain until at least 1753.

In 1771, Wesley obtained another house in London, and moved into it that year with his elder son. By 1778 the whole family had transferred from Bristol to the London house, at 1 Great Chesterfield Street (now Wheatley Street), [[Marylebone]],<ref name="Barry141_146"/> where they remained until Wesley's death and on into the 19th century.<ref name="Forsaith161_162">{{Cite book | last=Forsaith | first=Peter S. | editor1-last=Temperley | editor1-first=Nicholas |editor2-last=Banfield | editor2-first=Stephen | title=Music and the Wesleys | publisher=University of Illinois Press | location=Urbana | year=2010 | pages=161–162 | isbn=978-0-252-07767-8}}</ref> The house in Bristol still stands and has been restored,<ref name=Cheetham2003 /> however the London house was demolished in the mid 19th century.<ref name="Forsaith161_162"/>

Only three of the couple's children survived infancy: [[Charles Wesley junior]] (1757–1834), Sarah Wesley (1759–1828), who like her mother was also known as Sally, and [[Samuel Wesley (composer, born 1766)|Samuel Wesley]] (1766–1837).<ref name="Temperley_ix_xv">{{Cite book | last=Temperley | first=Nicholas | editor1-last=Temperley | editor1-first=Nicholas |editor2-last=Banfield | editor2-first=Stephen | title=Music and the Wesleys | publisher=University of Illinois Press | location=Urbana | year=2010 | pages=ix–xv | isbn=978-0-252-07767-8}}</ref> Their other children, John, Martha Maria, Susannah, Selina and John James are all buried in Bristol, having died between 1753 and 1768. (See monument in garden on north side of junction of Lewis Mead and The Haymarket, Bristol.) Both Samuel and Charles junior were musical [[wikipedia:child prodigies|child prodigies]] and, like their father, became [[organist]]s and composers. Charles junior spent most of his career as the personal organist of the Royal Family, and Samuel became one of the most accomplished musicians in the world and is often called "the English Mozart".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Blain |first1=Andrea |last2=Young |first2=Alison |title=Learning to Listen: Samuel Wesley, 'the English Mozart' |url=https://www.classicalmpr.org/story/2016/02/22/learning-to-listen-samuel-wesley-the-english-mozart |website=www.classicalmpr.org |date=22 February 2016 |access-date=1 February 2021}}</ref> Samuel Wesley's son, [[Samuel Sebastian Wesley]], was one of the foremost British composers of the 19th century.<ref name="Temperley_ix_xv"/>

===Death and burial===
[[File:Garden of Rest, Marylebone High Street 10.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Monument in St Marylebone Old Churchyard at the position of Wesley's original grave]]
On his deathbed he sent for the rector of [[St Marylebone Parish Church]], John Harley, and purportedly told him "Sir, whatever the world may say of me, I have lived, and I die, a member of the Church of England. I pray you to bury me in your churchyard." At the age of 80, he died on 29 March 1788 in London.<ref name="DNB">{{Cite DNB|wstitle=Wesley, Charles (1707-1788)|volume=60|first=Alexander |last=Gordon}}</ref> His body was carried to the church by six clergy of the Church of England. A memorial stone to him stands in the gardens in [[wikipedia:Marylebone High Street|Marylebone High Street]], close to his place of burial. One of his sons, Samuel, became the organist at the church.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.stmarylebone.org.uk/history02.htm |title=St. Marylebone Parish Church |access-date=3 April 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080430190655/http://www.stmarylebone.org.uk/history02.htm |archive-date=30 April 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Hymns and other works==

Wesley was a prolific [[hymnwriter]]. Among the collections ([[hymnal]]s) of Wesley's hymns published in his lifetime were ''Hymns on God's Everlasting Love'' (1741, 1742), ''Hymns on the [[Eucharist|Lord's Supper]]'' (1745), and ''Short Hymns on Select Passages of the Holy Scriptures'' (1762), together with others celebrating the major festivals of the [[Christian year]].<ref name="Vickers2008"/> His hymns are marked by their strong doctrinal content (notably the [[Arminian]] insistence on the [[unlimited atonement|universality of God's love]]),<ref name="Vickers2007"/> a richness of scriptural and literary allusion, and the variety of his [[metre (hymn)|metrical]] and stanza forms. They are considered to have had a significant influence not only on Methodism, but on Christian worship and modern theology as a whole.<ref name="Vickers2008"/><ref name="Vickers2007">{{cite book|last=Vickers|first=Jason E.|editor1-first=Kenneth G. C.|editor1-last= Newport |editor2-first=Ted |editor2-last=Campbell|title=Charles Wesley: life, literature and legacy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nWAmAQAAIAAJ|year=2007|publisher=Epworth|chapter=Charles Wesley and the Revival of the Doctrine of the Trinity: A Methodist Contribution To Modern Theology|pages= 278–298|location= Peterborough|isbn=9780716206071}}</ref>

[[File:Charles-Wesley-preaching.jpg|thumb|right|Wesley preaching by [[William Gush]]<ref>{{cite journal |language=en |last=Swift |first=Wesley F. |title=Portraits and biographies of Charles Wesley |journal=Proceedings of the Wesley Historical Society |publisher=Wesley Historical Society |volume=31 |issue=4 |pages=86–89 |date=1957 |url=http://www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/whs/31-4.pdf }} See engraving of the portrait.</ref>]]
Wesley's poetry included [[epistles]], elegies and political and satirical verse. A collected edition of ''The Poetical Works of John and Charles Wesley'', edited by [[George Osborn (minister)|George Osborn]], was published in thirteen volumes in 1868–1872.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wesley |first1=John |title=A new and critical edition of George Osborn's The poetical works of John and Charles Wesley (1868–1872): with the addition of notes, annotations, biographical and background information.|volume=10, part 1 and 2 |date=2012 |publisher=Edwin Mellen Press |location=Lewiston, NY |isbn=978-0773426658}}</ref> Osborn's collection has now been supplemented by the three volumes of ''The Unpublished Poetry of Charles Wesley''.<ref name="Wesley1988">{{cite book|last=Wesley|first=Charles |title=The Unpublished Poetry of Charles Wesley|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HYhbAAAAMAAJ|volume=2|year=1988|publisher=Kingswood Books|isbn=978-0-687-43311-7}}</ref>

Jason E. Vickers states that Wesley's 'conversion experience' in 1738 had a clear impact on his doctrine, especially doctrine concerning the power of the [[wikipedia:Holy Spirit|Holy Spirit]]. The change was most prominent in his hymns written after the same year. From his published work ''Hymns and Prayers to the Trinity'' and in Hymn number 62 he writes "The Holy Ghost in part we know, For with us He resides, Our whole of good to Him we owe, Whom by His grace he guides, He doth our virtuous thoughts inspire, The evil he averts, And every seed of good desire, He planted in our hearts."<ref name=Vickers2008b>{{cite journal|last=Vickers|first= Jason E. |title='And We The Life of God Shall Know': Incarnation and the Trinity in Charles Wesley's Hymns|journal= Anglican Theological Review |volume=90|issue=2 |date=2008b|pages= 329–344|url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/f3f126e2a13c5fee6d7fdfa9b6996276/}}</ref> Charles communicates several doctrines: the personal indwelling of the Holy Spirit, the [[Sanctification|sanctifying work]] of the Spirit, the [[total depravity|depravity]] of mankind, and humanity's personal accountability to God.<ref name="Vickers2007"/>

===Hymnody===
In the course of his career, Wesley published the words of between 6,500 and 10,000 [[hymn]]s,<ref name="Hunton1917"/><ref name="Vickers2008"/> many of which are still popular. These include:
*"Arise, My Soul, Arise" ([[Wikisource:Arise, My Soul, Arise|Words]])
*"[[And Can It Be That I Should Gain?]]" ([[Wikisource:And Can It Be That I Should Gain?|Words]])
*"[[Christ the Lord Is Risen Today]]" ([[Wikisource:Christ the Lord Is Risen Today|Words]])
*"Christ, Whose Glory Fills the Skies" ([[Wikisource:Christ, Whose Glory Fills the Skies|Words]])
*"[[Come, O Thou Traveller Unknown]]" ([[Wikisource:Come, O Thou Traveler Unknown|Words]])
*"[[Come, Thou Long Expected Jesus]]" ([[Wikisource:Come, Thou Long-Expected Jesus|Words]])
*"Depth of Mercy, Can it Be" ([[Wikisource:Depth of Mercy|Words]])
*"Father, I Stretch My Hands to Thee" ([[Wikisource:Father, I Stretch My Hands to Thee|Words]])
*"Hail the Day That Sees Him Rise" ([[Wikisource:Hail the Day That Sees Him Rise|Words]])
*"[[Hark! The Herald Angels Sing]]" ([[Wikisource:Hark! the Herald Angels Sing|Words]])
*"Jesus, Lover of My Soul" ([[Wikisource:Jesus, Lover of My Soul|Words]])
*"Jesus, The Name High Over All" ([[Wikisource:Jesus! the Name High over All|Words]])
*"[[Lo! He comes with clouds descending|Lo! He Comes with Clouds Descending]]" ([[Wikisource:Lo, He Comes with Clouds Descending|Words]])
*"[[Love Divine, All Loves Excelling]]" ([[Wikisource:Love Divine, All Loves Excelling|Words]])
*"O for a Heart to Praise My God" ([[Wikisource:O For a Heart to Praise My God|Words]])
*"[[O for a Thousand Tongues to Sing]]" ([[Wikisource:O for a Thousand Tongues to Sing|Words]])
*"O Thou Who Camest from Above" ([[Wikisource:O Thou Who Camest from Above|Words]])
*"Rejoice, the Lord is King" ([[Wikisource:Rejoice, the Lord Is King|Words]])
*"[[Soldiers of Christ, Arise]]" ([[Wikisource:Soldiers of Christ, Arise|Words]])
*"[[Sun of Unclouded Righteousness]]" ([[Wikisource:Sun of Unclouded Righteousness|Words]])
*"Thou Hidden Source of Calm Repose" ([[Wikisource:Thou Hidden Source of Calm Repose|Words]])
*"Ye Servants of God" ([[Wikisource:Ye Servants of God|Words]])

The words to many more of Charles Wesley's hymns can be found on [[Wikisource]],<ref>Wikisource, [[S:Author:Charles Wesley#Hymns|Charles Wesley: Hymns]], accessed 15 March 2023</ref> and in his many publications.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/hymnsandsacredpo00wesliala|title= Hymns and sacred poems|last1= Wesley|first1= John |last2=Wesley|first2= Charles|location= Bristol|date= 1743|edition=4th}}</ref><ref>[https://divinity.duke.edu/initiatives/cswt/charles-published-verse Complete texts of Charles Wesley's Published Verse at Duke Divinity School]</ref>

Some 150 of his hymns are in the Methodist hymn book ''[[Hymns and Psalms]]'', including "Hark! the Herald Angels Sing", and ''The Church Hymn Book'' (In New York and Chicago, US, 1872) where "Jesus, Lover of My Soul" is published. Many of his hymns are translated into other languages, and form the foundation for Methodist hymnals, as well as the Swedish ''Metodist-Episkopal-Kyrkans Psalmbok'' printed in Stockholm in 1892.

=== Psalms ===
Wesley's hymns are notable as interpretations of Scripture.<ref name="LeMon">{{youTube|id=1FNv_dY7h6A|title=Joel M. LeMon: The Controversial Introduction of Jesus into the Psalms by John and Charles Wesley}}</ref> He also produced paraphrases of the [[Psalms]], contributing to the long tradition of English [[metrical psalter|metrical Psalmody]]. A notable feature of his Psalms is the introduction of Jesus into the Psalms, continuing a tradition of Christological readings of the Psalms evident in the translations of John Patrick and [[Isaac Watts]].<ref>{{Cite book|title = The English Hymn|last = Watson|first = J. R.|publisher = Clarendon Press|year = 1997|isbn = 0198267622|location = Oxford|pages = [https://archive.org/details/englishhymncriti0000wats/page/230 230–251]|url-access = registration|url = https://archive.org/details/englishhymncriti0000wats/page/230}}</ref> The introduction of Jesus into the Psalms was often the source of controversy, even within Wesley's own family. Charles' brother Samuel Wesley wrote a poem against such practice.<ref name="LeMon" /> Of particular importance is Wesley's manuscript Psalms, held in the archives of the Pitts Theology Library at [[wikipedia:Emory University|Emory University]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pitts.emory.edu/archives/text/mss159.html|title=Pitts Theology Library Archives Finding Aid|access-date=28 January 2015|archive-date=15 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115142028/http://pitts.emory.edu/archives/text/mss159.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Legacy==
[[File:Wesley Oak marker, St. Simons, GA, US.jpg|thumb|Wesley Oak historical marker, near [[Christ Church (St. Simons, Georgia)|Christ Church, St. Simons]], Georgia]]
Wesley is still remembered for his ministry while in [[wikipedia:St. Simons, Georgia|St. Simon's Island]], [[wikipedia:Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], by the South Georgia Conference of the [[United Methodist Church]]; in 1950, the conference opened a Christian retreat center on the island by the banks of the [[wikipedia:Frederica River|Frederica River]], designating it [[Epworth by the Sea]] in honour of his and John's birthplace.

In the 19th century, Charles Wesley's legacy was downplayed by Methodist historians, largely because of his opposition to separating from the Church of England.<ref name="Vickers2008"/> He is [[Calendar of saints (Church of England)|remembered]] (with [[John Wesley|his brother]]) in the Church of England with a [[Lesser Festival (Anglicanism)|Lesser Festival]] on 24 May.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Calendar|url=https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/churchs-year/calendar|access-date=2021-03-27|website=The Church of England|language=en}}</ref>

He is commemorated in the [[Calendar of Saints (Lutheran)|Calendar of Saints]] of the [[Evangelical Lutheran Church in America]] on 2 March with his brother. The brothers are also commemorated on 3 March in the [[Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church in the United States of America)|Calendar of Saints]] of the [[Episcopal Church in the United States of America|Episcopal Church]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Book of Common Prayer and Administration of the Sacraments and Other Rites and Ceremonies of the Church: Together with the Psalter of David|title-link=Book of Common Prayer#United States|publisher=Seabury |date= 1979|page=[https://archive.org/details/bookofcommonp00epis/page/n450 23]}}</ref> Charles is commemorated on 29 March in the Calendar of Commemorations by the Methodist [[Order of Saint Luke]]; John is commemorated on 2 March; their parents are also commemorated.<ref>{{cite book|title=For All The Saints: A Calendar of Commemorations for United Methodists|editor-first= Clifton F.|editor-last= Guthrie |location=Akron, Ohio|publisher= Order of St Luke |date= 1995|isbn=1-878009-25-7|pages= 77–78, 95–96}}</ref>

As a result of his enduring hymnody, the [[wikipedia:Gospel Music Association|Gospel Music Association]] recognized Wesley's musical contributions to the art of gospel music in 1995 by listing his name in the [[wikipedia:Gospel Music Hall of Fame|Gospel Music Hall of Fame]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Inductees Archive |url=https://gospelmusichalloffame.org/inductees/inductees-archive/ |publisher=Gospel Music Hall Of Fame |access-date=26 February 2021 |date=14 February 2017 |archive-date=18 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918214943/https://gospelmusichalloffame.org/inductees/inductees-archive/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Wesley's hymns are utilised in not only Methodist churches but other Protestant denominations, and have been adopted by the Roman Catholic Church.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Winter |first1=Sean |title=Immense Unfathomed Unconfined: The Grace of God in Creation, Church and Community: Essays in Honour of Norman Young |date=9 August 2013 |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers |isbn=978-1-62564-313-1 |page=177 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mM1NAwAAQBAJ |access-date=11 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Wesley wrote two of the so-called [[Great Four Anglican Hymns]]: "Hark! The Herald Angels Sing" and "Lo! He Comes With Clouds Descending".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Breed |first=David |url=https://archive.org/details/historyandusehym007965mbp |title=The History And Use Hymns And Hymn-Tunes |date=1934 |publisher=Fleming H. Revell Company |pages=85}}</ref>

;Memorials
<gallery mode="packed" heights="145">
File:Wesley plaque, Postman's Park.JPG|Plaque at [[wikipedia:Postman's Park|Postman's Park]], [[wikipedia:London|London]], commemorating John and Charles Wesley
File:Charles Wesley 2.JPG|Wesley at [[St Matthew's Church, Cotham|St. Matthew's Church]] in Bristol, by [[Arnold Wathen Robinson]]
File:Church Musicians window, King's Heath, Birmingham.JPG|[[wikipedia:Bach|Bach]], Wesley and [[wikipedia:Handel|Handel]], at [[Cambridge Road Methodist Church]] ([[wikipedia:Birmingham|Birmingham]], [[wikipedia:England|England]])
File:17 22 169 window.jpg|Stained glass of Charles Wesley, John Wesley, and [[Francis Asbury]] at [[wikipedia:Lake Junaluska, North Carolina|Lake Junaluska]]
File:Charles Wesley by Frederick Brook Hitch 01.jpg|Statue by [[wikipedia:Frederick Brook Hitch|Frederick Brook Hitch]] at the [[wikipedia:New Room, Bristol|New Room, Bristol]]
</gallery>

===Tercentenary===
24 May 2007 was celebrated as the tercentenary of Wesley's birth, with many celebratory events held throughout England, even though Wesley was in fact born in December 1707.<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 May 2007 |title=Hymnal tour marks Wesley tercentenary |language=en |work=Romney Advertiser |url=https://www.romseyadvertiser.co.uk/news/1409015.hymnal-tour-marks-wesley-tercentenary/ |access-date=16 December 2020}}</ref> The date of 24 May is known to Methodists as [[wikipedia:Aldersgate Day|Aldersgate Day]] and commemorates the spiritual awakening of first Charles and then John Wesley in 1738.<ref>{{cite web|title=What is Aldersgate Day?|url=http://www.umc.org/what-we-believe/what-is-aldersgate-day|website=umc.org|publisher=The United Methodist Church|access-date=21 May 2016}}</ref>

In November 2007, [[wikipedia:An Post|An Post]], the Irish Post Office, issued a 78-cent stamp to commemorate the 300th anniversary of Wesley's birth.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Knowles |first=Rebecca |date=22 November 2007 |title=Charles Wesley, hymn and carol composer, features on new stamp |language=en |newspaper=The Irish Times |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/charles-wesley-hymn-and-carol-composer-features-on-new-stamp-1.984430 |access-date=16 December 2020}}</ref>

==In film==
* ''A Heart Set Free'' – T. N. Mohan, 2007, a feature-length documentary on Charles Wesley's life and hymns.<ref>[https://wccls.bibliocommons.com/v2/record/S143C1207820 "A Heart Set Free", Washington County Cooperative Library Services]</ref>
* ''[[Wesley (film)|Wesley]]'' – Foundery Pictures, 2009, starring [[wikipedia:Burgess Jenkins|Burgess Jenkins]] as John Wesley, R. Keith Harris as Charles Wesley, and featuring [[wikipedia:June Lockhart|June Lockhart]] as [[Susanna Wesley]] and [[Kevin McCarthy (actor)|Kevin McCarthy]] as Bishop Ryder<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www2.journalnow.com/entertainment/2009/nov/12/3-ar-153038/|title=Methodist Man - Winston-Salem landmarks came in handy when the Rev. John Jackman was directing his latest film, Wesley. | JournalNow.com|date=August 20, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820042917/http://www2.journalnow.com/entertainment/2009/nov/12/3-ar-153038/|archive-date=2012-08-20}}</ref>

==External links==
*[http://www.eighteenthcenturypoetry.org/authors/pers00309.shtml Charles Wesley] at the [http://www.eighteenthcenturypoetry.org/ Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA)]
*Biography and works at the [http://www.hymntime.com/tch/bio/w/e/s/l/wesley_c.htm Cyber Hymnal]
*[http://www.churchsociety.org/issues_new/history/wesleychas/iss_history_wesleychas_intro.asp Biography and articles about Charles Wesley]
*[http://wesley.nnu.edu/charles-wesley/the-journal-of-charles-wesley-1707-1788/ The Journal of Charles Wesley]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20151028110225/http://archiveshub.ac.uk/data/gb135-ddcw Papers of Charles Wesley]
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Charles Wesley |sopt=t}}
* {{Librivox author |id=3504}}
*[http://pid.emory.edu/ark:/25593/g26cr Charles Wesley family papers, 1740–1864] at Pitts Theology Library, [[Candler School of Theology]]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061014235412/http://www.hope.ac.uk/research/call-for-papers-wesley-conference.htm Charles Wesley Conference 2007] held at [[wikipedia:Liverpool Hope University|Liverpool Hope University]]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071005074149/http://www.gresham.ac.uk/event.asp?PageId=45&EventId=647 'Charles Wesley in Historical Perspective: Poet, Priest and Theologian'], lecture delivered by Revd Professor Kenneth Newport, at [[wikipedia:Gresham College|Gresham College]], 13 December 2007. (Available for download as MP3 and MP4).
*[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/text/contents_page.jsp?t_id=C_Wesley Charles Wesley's ''Journal'' 1736–56] on ''A Vision of Britain through Time'', with links to the places visited.
*[http://georgiainfo.galileo.usg.edu/topics/historical_markers/county/glynn/a-man-named-wesley-passed-this-way A Man Named Wesley Passed This Way] historical marker at [[wikipedia:St. Simons Island, Georgia|St. Simons Island, Georgia]]
*[http://georgiainfo.galileo.usg.edu/topics/historical_markers/county/glynn/reverends-john-charles-wesley Reverends John & Charles Wesley] historical marker
*[https://rose.library.emory.edu/ Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library], Emory University: [http://pid.emory.edu/ark:/25593/g26cr Charles Wesley family papers, 1740–1864]

==References==

[[Category:1707 births]]
[[Category:1788 deaths]]
[[Category:18th-century Anglican theologians]]
[[Category:18th-century English composers]]
[[Category:18th-century English Anglican priests]]
[[Category:18th-century English Christian theologians]]
[[Category:18th-century English male writers]]
[[Category:18th-century English musicians]]
[[Category:18th-century English non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:18th-century evangelicals]]
[[Category:18th-century hymnwriters]]
[[Category:Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford]]
[[Category:Anglican saints]]
[[Category:Arminian ministers]]
[[Category:Arminian writers]]
[[Category:British chaplains]]
[[Category:Burials at St Marylebone Parish Church]]
[[Category:Church of England hymnwriters]]
[[Category:English Anglican missionaries]]
[[Category:English evangelicals]]
[[Category:English male non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:English Methodist hymnwriters]]
[[Category:English Methodist missionaries]]
[[Category:English religious writers]]
[[Category:Evangelical Anglican theologians]]
[[Category:Evangelical Anglican hymnwriters]]
[[Category:English evangelists]]
[[Category:Lutheran saints]]
[[Category:Methodist missionaries in the United States]]
[[Category:Methodist theologians]]
[[Category:Methodist writers]]
[[Category:People celebrated in the Lutheran liturgical calendar]]
[[Category:People educated at Westminster School, London]]
[[Category:People from colonial Georgia (British America)]]
[[Category:People from Epworth, Lincolnshire]]
[[Category:Protestant missionaries in England]]
[[Category:Sacred music composers]]
[[Category:String quartet composers]]
[[Category:Wesley family|Charles]]

Charles Wesley

2024-12-15T17:44:33Z

ReformedMandalorian: Created page with "{{Infobox clergy | honorific_prefix= The Reverend | name = Charles Wesley | image = Charles Wesley.jpg | birth_date = December 18, 1707 | birth_place = Epworth, Lincolnshire, Great Britain | death_date = March 29, 1788 (aged 80) | death_place = London, Great Britain | educat..."

{{Infobox clergy
| honorific_prefix= [[The Reverend]]
| name = Charles Wesley
| image = Charles Wesley.jpg
| birth_date = December 18, 1707
| birth_place = [[wikipedia:Epworth, England|Epworth]], [[wikipedia:Lincolnshire|Lincolnshire]], [[wikipedia:Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]]
| death_date = March 29, 1788 (aged 80)
| death_place = [[wikipedia:London|London]], [[wikipedia:Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]]
| education = [[wikipedia:Westminster School|Westminster School]] and [[wikipedia:Christ Church, Oxford|Christ Church, Oxford]]
| occupation = Cleric, hymnist, poet
| church = [[Church of England]]
| congregations = [[New Room, Bristol]]
| spouse = [[Sarah Wesley]] (''{{née}}'' Gwynne)
| parents = [[Samuel Wesley (poet, died 1735)|Samuel]] (father) and [[Susanna Wesley]] (mother)
| family = [[Samuel Wesley (the Younger)|Samuel Wesley]] (brother), [[Mehetabel Wesley Wright]] (sister), [[John Wesley]] (brother)
| children = 8, including [[Samuel Wesley (composer, born 1766)|Samuel Wesley]]<ref name="mywesleyanmethodists">https://www.mywesleyanmethodists.org.uk/content/people-2/the-wesley-family/charles-wesley</ref>
}}
'''Charles Wesley''' (18 December 1707 – 29 March 1788) was an English [[Anglican]] [[cleric]] and a principal leader of the [[Methodist]] movement. Wesley was a prolific hymnwriter who wrote over 6,500 [[hymn]]s during his lifetime.<ref name="Hunton1917">{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/favoritehymnsst00huntgoog |pages=[https://archive.org/details/favoritehymnsst00huntgoog/page/n140 94]–97 |title=Favorite Hymns: Stories of the Origin, Authorship, and Use of Hymns We Love |first1=William Lee |last1=Hunton |date=1917 |publisher=General Council Publication House}}</ref> His works include "[[And Can It Be]]", "[[O for a Thousand Tongues to Sing]]", "[[Christ the Lord Is Risen Today]]", "[[Love Divine, All Loves Excelling]]", the carol "[[Hark! The Herald Angels Sing]]", and "[[Lo! He Comes With Clouds Descending]]".

Wesley was born in [[wikipedia:Epworth, Lincolnshire|Epworth, Lincolnshire]], the son of Anglican cleric and poet [[Samuel Wesley (poet, died 1735)|Samuel Wesley]] and his wife [[Susanna Wesley|Susanna]]. He was a younger brother of Methodist founder [[John Wesley]] and Anglican cleric [[Samuel Wesley (the Younger)|Samuel Wesley the Younger]]. He was the father of musician [[Samuel Wesley (composer, born 1766)|Samuel Wesley]] and the grandfather of musician [[Samuel Sebastian Wesley]].

He was educated at [[wikipedia:Oxford University|Oxford University]], where his brothers had also studied, and he formed the "[[Holy Club]]" among his fellow students in 1729. John Wesley later joined this group, as did [[George Whitefield]]. Charles followed his father and brother into [[Anglican ministry|ministry]] in 1735, and he travelled with John to [[wikipedia:Province of Georgia|Georgia]] in America, returning a year later. Following their [[Evangelical Revival|evangelical]] conversions in 1738, the Wesley brothers travelled throughout Britain, converting followers to the Methodist revival through preaching and hymn-singing. In 1749, he married [[Sarah Gwynne]], daughter of a Welsh gentleman who had been converted to Methodism by [[Howell Harris]]. From 1756 his ministry became more static and he ministered in [[wikipedia:Bristol|Bristol]], and later [[wikipedia:London|London]].

Despite their closeness, Charles and John did not always agree on questions relating to their beliefs. In particular, Charles was strongly opposed to the idea of a breach with the [[Church of England]] in which they had been ordained.<ref name=bbc>{{cite web|title=Charles Wesley|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/christianity/people/charleswesley_1.shtml|publisher=BBC|access-date=19 November 2013|date=6 August 2009}}</ref>

==Biography==
[[File:Charles wesley.jpg|thumb|upright|right|The 'Lily Portrait' of a young Wesley in the [[New Room, Bristol]]<ref name="Vickers2008"/>]]

===Early life===
Charles Wesley was the eighteenth child of [[Susanna Wesley]] and [[Samuel Wesley (poet, died 1735)|Samuel Wesley]]. He was born in [[wikipedia:Epworth, England|Epworth]], [[wikipedia:Lincolnshire|Lincolnshire]], [[wikipedia:England|England]], where his father was [[Rector (ecclesiastical)|rector]].<ref name=bbc/> In 1716, at the age of 8, he entered [[wikipedia:Westminster School|Westminster School]], where his brother Samuel was usher. He was selected as [[wikipedia:Queen's Scholar (Westminster School)|King's Scholar]] in 1721 and head boy in 1725–26, before matriculating at [[wikipedia:Christ Church, Oxford|Christ Church, Oxford]].<ref name="Vickers2008">{{cite web |editor-last1=Vickers |editor-first1=John A. |title=Wesley, Charles |url=https://dmbi.online/index.php?do=app.entry&id=2944 |work=A Dictionary of Methodism in Britain and Ireland}}</ref>

At Oxford, Wesley formed a prayer group among his fellow students in 1727; his elder brother, John, joined in 1729, soon becoming its leader and moulding it in line with his own convictions. They focused on studying the Bible and living a holy life. Other students mocked them, saying they were the "[[Holy Club]]", "Sacramentarians", and "the [[Methodists]]", being methodical and exceptionally detailed in their Bible study, opinions and disciplined lifestyle.<ref name=bbc/> The Wesleys' future colleague, [[George Whitefield]]. joined the group. Wesley tutored while studying; he graduated in 1732 with a master's degree in classical languages and literature. He followed his father and brothers into [[Anglican orders]], being ordained as a [[priest]] in September 1735.<ref name="Vickers2008"/> That same year his father died.

===Voyage to America===
On 14 October 1735, Wesley and his brother John sailed on ''The Simmonds'' from [[wikipedia:Gravesend, Kent|Gravesend, Kent]], for [[wikipedia:Savannah, Georgia|Savannah]] in the [[wikipedia:Province of Georgia|Georgia colony]] of [[wikipedia:British America|British America]] at the request of the governor, [[wikipedia:James Oglethorpe|James Oglethorpe]]. Wesley was appointed Secretary of Indian Affairs and while John remained in Savannah, Wesley went as chaplain to the garrison and colony at nearby [[wikipedia:St. Simons, Georgia#Fort Frederica|Fort Frederica]], [[wikipedia:St. Simons, Georgia|St. Simon's Island]], arriving there on 9 March 1736 according to his journal entry.<ref name="nnu.edu">
{{cite book |language=en |last1=Wesley |first1=Charles |last2=Jackson |first2=Thomas |location=Kansas City, Mo |publisher=Beacon Hill’s |date=1980 |chapter=March 9 – August 30, 1736 |title=The Journal of Charles Wesley (1707–1788) (1872) |chapter-url=http://wesley.nnu.edu/charles-wesley/the-journal-of-charles-wesley-1707-1788/the-journal-of-charles-wesley-march-9-august-30-1736 }}</ref> Matters did not turn out well, and he was largely rejected by the settlers. In July 1736, Wesley was commissioned to England as the bearer of dispatches to the trustees of the colony. On 16 August 1736, he sailed from [[wikipedia:Charleston, South Carolina|Charleston, South Carolina]], never to return to the Georgia colony.

===Ministry===
In 1738 the Wesley brothers, both dejected following their unsuccessful mission, had [[religious experiences]]: Charles experienced an [[evangelical]] conversion (or "renewal of faith"<ref name="Nutter">{{cite book |editor1-last=Nutter |editor1-first=Charles Summer |title=An Illustrated and Annotated Edition of the Hymnal of the Methodist Episcopal Church |date=1900 |publisher=[[Methodist Episcopal Church]] |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/hymnstudiesillus0000unse |access-date=30 April 2024 |pages=49–50}}</ref>) on 21 May and John had a similar experience in [[wikipedia:Aldersgate Street|Aldersgate Street]] just three days later. A City of London [[blue plaque]] at 13 [[Little Britain, London|Little Britain]], near the church of [[wikipedia:St Botolph, Aldersgate|St Botolph, Aldersgate]], off [[wikipedia:St. Martin's Le Grand|St. Martin's Le Grand]], marks the site of the former house of John Bray, reputed to be the scene of Wesley's evangelical conversion. It reads, "Adjoining this site stood the house of John Bray. Scene of Charles Wesley's evangelical conversion, May 21st 1738".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://openplaques.org/plaques/5300 |title=Plaque № 5300 |publisher=openplaques.org |access-date=4 March 2013}}</ref> Wesley commemorated the first anniversary of his religious experience by composing an 18-stanza poem, with its seventh verse, beginning "[[O for a thousand tongues to sing]]", now serving as the opening of a shorter hymn.<ref name="Nutter"/>

Wesley felt renewed strength to spread [[the gospel]] to ordinary people and it was around then that he began to write the poetic hymns for which he would become known. In January 1739, he was appointed as [[curate]] to serve at [[St Mary's Church, Islington]], but was forced to resign when the churchwardens objected to his [[evangelical]] preaching.<ref name="mywesleyanmethodists"/> Later that same year, finding that they were unwelcome inside parish churches, the Wesley brothers took to preaching to crowds in open fields. They were influenced by [[George Whitefield]], whose [[open-air preaching]] was already reaching great numbers of Bristol colliers.<ref name=bbc/> Charles Wesley wrote to Whitefield regularly and is mentioned in many of Whitefield's journal entries. [[George Whitefield|Whitefield]] drew from many of Wesley's hymns and even had one written to him by Wesley.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hendry |first=Micah |date=2023-07-19 |title=Christians You Should Know: Charles Wesley |url=https://enjoyingthejourney.org/christians-you-should-know-charles-wesley/ |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=Enjoying the Journey |language=en-US}}</ref> From 1740, Charles and John were the joint leaders of the [[Evangelical Revival|Methodist Revival]] and [[evangelism|evangelised]] throughout Britain and Ireland.<ref name=Cheetham2003>{{cite book |last1=Cheetham |first1=J. Keith |title=On the trail of John Wesley |date=2003 |publisher=Luath Press |location=Edinburgh |isbn=9781842820230 }}</ref>{{rp|91–92}} They were opposed by many Anglican clergy, especially when their appointed [[Methodist local preacher|lay preachers]] began to preach in parishes without seeking permission. In [[wikipedia:Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]], Wesley established its first Methodist society in September 1742 and faced mob violence in [[wikipedia:Wednesbury|Wednesbury]] and [[wikipedia:Sheffield|Sheffield]] in 1743 and at [[wikipedia:Devizes|Devizes]] in 1747.<ref |name="mywesleyanmethodists"/><ref name="Vickers2008"/>

Following a period of illness, after 1756 Wesley made no more journeys to distant parts of the country, mainly just moving between Bristol and London.<ref name="Rack45_46">{{Cite book | last=Rack | first=Henry D. | editor1-last=Newport | editor1-first=Kenneth G.C. |editor2-last=Campbell | editor2-first=Ted A. | title=Charles Wesley: Life, Literature and Legacy | publisher=Epworth | location=Peterborough | year=2007 | isbn=9780716206071 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nWAmAQAAIAAJ}}</ref>{{rp|45–46}} Increasingly in his later years, Wesley became the mouthpiece of the so-called "[[wikipedia:Church of England|Church]] Methodists"—he was strongly opposed to a separation of Methodism from its Anglican roots.<ref name="Rack45_46" />{{rp|344–345}} In the 1780s, he was especially dismayed by his brother's [[ordination]] of Methodist ministers to serve in America (''see {{slink|John Wesley|Ordination of ministers}}''), which he criticised in a published poem.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Tomkins |first1=Stephen |title=John Wesley: A Biography |date=2003 |publisher=Lion |location=Oxford |isbn=0-7459-5078-7 |page=186}}</ref>

===Marriage and children===
[[File:Charles Wesley (4368240967).jpg|thumb|right|Plaque in Marylebone commemorating the site of Wesley's house (now a pub)]]
In April 1749, he married the much younger [[Sarah Wesley|Sarah Gwynne]] (1726–1822), also known as Sally.<ref name=Cheetham2003 />{{rp|95–97}} She was the daughter of [[wikipedia:Marmaduke Gwynne|Marmaduke Gwynne]], a wealthy [[wikipedia:Wales|Welsh]] magistrate who had been converted to Methodism by [[Howell Harris]].<ref name="Barry141_146">{{Cite book | last=Barry | first=Joseph | editor1-last=Temperley | editor1-first=Nicholas |editor2-last=Banfield | editor2-first=Stephen | title=Music and the Wesleys | publisher=University of Illinois Press | location=Urbana | year=2010 | pages=141–146 | isbn=978-0-252-07767-8}}</ref> They moved into a [[Charles Wesley's House|house at 4 Charles Street in Bristol]] in September 1749.<ref name="Vickers2008"/><ref name=Cheetham2003 />{{rp|95–97}} Sarah accompanied the brothers on their journeys throughout Britain until at least 1753.

In 1771, Wesley obtained another house in London, and moved into it that year with his elder son. By 1778 the whole family had transferred from Bristol to the London house, at 1 Great Chesterfield Street (now Wheatley Street), [[Marylebone]],<ref name="Barry141_146"/> where they remained until Wesley's death and on into the 19th century.<ref name="Forsaith161_162">{{Cite book | last=Forsaith | first=Peter S. | editor1-last=Temperley | editor1-first=Nicholas |editor2-last=Banfield | editor2-first=Stephen | title=Music and the Wesleys | publisher=University of Illinois Press | location=Urbana | year=2010 | pages=161–162 | isbn=978-0-252-07767-8}}</ref> The house in Bristol still stands and has been restored,<ref name=Cheetham2003 />{{rp|95–97}} however the London house was demolished in the mid 19th century.<ref name="Forsaith161_162"/>

Only three of the couple's children survived infancy: [[Charles Wesley junior]] (1757–1834), Sarah Wesley (1759–1828), who like her mother was also known as Sally, and [[Samuel Wesley (composer, born 1766)|Samuel Wesley]] (1766–1837).<ref name="Temperley_ix_xv">{{Cite book | last=Temperley | first=Nicholas | editor1-last=Temperley | editor1-first=Nicholas |editor2-last=Banfield | editor2-first=Stephen | title=Music and the Wesleys | publisher=University of Illinois Press | location=Urbana | year=2010 | pages=ix–xv | isbn=978-0-252-07767-8}}</ref> Their other children, John, Martha Maria, Susannah, Selina and John James are all buried in Bristol, having died between 1753 and 1768. (See monument in garden on north side of junction of Lewis Mead and The Haymarket, Bristol.) Both Samuel and Charles junior were musical [[wikipedia:child prodigies|child prodigies]] and, like their father, became [[organist]]s and composers. Charles junior spent most of his career as the personal organist of the Royal Family, and Samuel became one of the most accomplished musicians in the world and is often called "the English Mozart".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Blain |first1=Andrea |last2=Young |first2=Alison |title=Learning to Listen: Samuel Wesley, 'the English Mozart' |url=https://www.classicalmpr.org/story/2016/02/22/learning-to-listen-samuel-wesley-the-english-mozart |website=www.classicalmpr.org |date=22 February 2016 |access-date=1 February 2021}}</ref> Samuel Wesley's son, [[Samuel Sebastian Wesley]], was one of the foremost British composers of the 19th century.<ref name="Temperley_ix_xv"/>

===Death and burial===
[[File:Garden of Rest, Marylebone High Street 10.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Monument in St Marylebone Old Churchyard at the position of Wesley's original grave]]
On his deathbed he sent for the rector of [[St Marylebone Parish Church]], John Harley, and purportedly told him "Sir, whatever the world may say of me, I have lived, and I die, a member of the Church of England. I pray you to bury me in your churchyard." At the age of 80, he died on 29 March 1788 in London.<ref name="DNB">{{Cite DNB|wstitle=Wesley, Charles (1707-1788)|volume=60|first=Alexander |last=Gordon}}</ref> His body was carried to the church by six clergy of the Church of England. A memorial stone to him stands in the gardens in [[wikipedia:Marylebone High Street|Marylebone High Street]], close to his place of burial. One of his sons, Samuel, became the organist at the church.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.stmarylebone.org.uk/history02.htm |title=St. Marylebone Parish Church |access-date=3 April 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080430190655/http://www.stmarylebone.org.uk/history02.htm |archive-date=30 April 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Hymns and other works==

Wesley was a prolific [[hymnwriter]]. Among the collections ([[hymnal]]s) of Wesley's hymns published in his lifetime were ''Hymns on God's Everlasting Love'' (1741, 1742), ''Hymns on the [[Eucharist|Lord's Supper]]'' (1745), and ''Short Hymns on Select Passages of the Holy Scriptures'' (1762), together with others celebrating the major festivals of the [[Christian year]].<ref name="Vickers2008"/> His hymns are marked by their strong doctrinal content (notably the [[Arminian]] insistence on the [[unlimited atonement|universality of God's love]]),<ref name="Vickers2007"/> a richness of scriptural and literary allusion, and the variety of his [[metre (hymn)|metrical]] and stanza forms. They are considered to have had a significant influence not only on Methodism, but on Christian worship and modern theology as a whole.<ref name="Vickers2008"/><ref name="Vickers2007">{{cite book|last=Vickers|first=Jason E.|editor1-first=Kenneth G. C.|editor1-last= Newport |editor2-first=Ted |editor2-last=Campbell|title=Charles Wesley: life, literature and legacy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nWAmAQAAIAAJ|year=2007|publisher=Epworth|chapter=Charles Wesley and the Revival of the Doctrine of the Trinity: A Methodist Contribution To Modern Theology|pages= 278–298|location= Peterborough|isbn=9780716206071}}</ref>

[[File:Charles-Wesley-preaching.jpg|thumb|right|Wesley preaching by [[William Gush]]<ref>{{cite journal |language=en |last=Swift |first=Wesley F. |title=Portraits and biographies of Charles Wesley |journal=Proceedings of the Wesley Historical Society |publisher=Wesley Historical Society |volume=31 |issue=4 |pages=86–89 |date=1957 |url=http://www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/whs/31-4.pdf }} See engraving of the portrait.</ref>]]
Wesley's poetry included [[epistles]], elegies and political and satirical verse. A collected edition of ''The Poetical Works of John and Charles Wesley'', edited by [[George Osborn (minister)|George Osborn]], was published in thirteen volumes in 1868–1872.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wesley |first1=John |title=A new and critical edition of George Osborn's The poetical works of John and Charles Wesley (1868–1872): with the addition of notes, annotations, biographical and background information.|volume=10, part 1 and 2 |date=2012 |publisher=Edwin Mellen Press |location=Lewiston, NY |isbn=978-0773426658}}</ref> Osborn's collection has now been supplemented by the three volumes of ''The Unpublished Poetry of Charles Wesley''.<ref name="Wesley1988">{{cite book|last=Wesley|first=Charles |title=The Unpublished Poetry of Charles Wesley|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HYhbAAAAMAAJ|volume=2|year=1988|publisher=Kingswood Books|isbn=978-0-687-43311-7}}</ref>

Jason E. Vickers states that Wesley's 'conversion experience' in 1738 had a clear impact on his doctrine, especially doctrine concerning the power of the [[wikipedia:Holy Spirit|Holy Spirit]]. The change was most prominent in his hymns written after the same year. From his published work ''Hymns and Prayers to the Trinity'' and in Hymn number 62 he writes "The Holy Ghost in part we know, For with us He resides, Our whole of good to Him we owe, Whom by His grace he guides, He doth our virtuous thoughts inspire, The evil he averts, And every seed of good desire, He planted in our hearts."<ref name=Vickers2008b>{{cite journal|last=Vickers|first= Jason E. |title='And We The Life of God Shall Know': Incarnation and the Trinity in Charles Wesley's Hymns|journal= Anglican Theological Review |volume=90|issue=2 |date=2008b|pages= 329–344|url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/f3f126e2a13c5fee6d7fdfa9b6996276/}}</ref> Charles communicates several doctrines: the personal indwelling of the Holy Spirit, the [[Sanctification|sanctifying work]] of the Spirit, the [[total depravity|depravity]] of mankind, and humanity's personal accountability to God.<ref name="Vickers2007"/>

===Hymnody===
In the course of his career, Wesley published the words of between 6,500 and 10,000 [[hymn]]s,<ref name="Hunton1917"/><ref name="Vickers2008"/> many of which are still popular. These include:
*"Arise, My Soul, Arise" ([[Wikisource:Arise, My Soul, Arise|Words]])
*"[[And Can It Be That I Should Gain?]]" ([[Wikisource:And Can It Be That I Should Gain?|Words]])
*"[[Christ the Lord Is Risen Today]]" ([[Wikisource:Christ the Lord Is Risen Today|Words]])
*"Christ, Whose Glory Fills the Skies" ([[Wikisource:Christ, Whose Glory Fills the Skies|Words]])
*"[[Come, O Thou Traveller Unknown]]" ([[Wikisource:Come, O Thou Traveler Unknown|Words]])
*"[[Come, Thou Long Expected Jesus]]" ([[Wikisource:Come, Thou Long-Expected Jesus|Words]])
*"Depth of Mercy, Can it Be" ([[Wikisource:Depth of Mercy|Words]])
*"Father, I Stretch My Hands to Thee" ([[Wikisource:Father, I Stretch My Hands to Thee|Words]])
*"Hail the Day That Sees Him Rise" ([[Wikisource:Hail the Day That Sees Him Rise|Words]])
*"[[Hark! The Herald Angels Sing]]" ([[Wikisource:Hark! the Herald Angels Sing|Words]])
*"Jesus, Lover of My Soul" ([[Wikisource:Jesus, Lover of My Soul|Words]])
*"Jesus, The Name High Over All" ([[Wikisource:Jesus! the Name High over All|Words]])
*"[[Lo! He comes with clouds descending|Lo! He Comes with Clouds Descending]]" ([[Wikisource:Lo, He Comes with Clouds Descending|Words]])
*"[[Love Divine, All Loves Excelling]]" ([[Wikisource:Love Divine, All Loves Excelling|Words]])
*"O for a Heart to Praise My God" ([[Wikisource:O For a Heart to Praise My God|Words]])
*"[[O for a Thousand Tongues to Sing]]" ([[Wikisource:O for a Thousand Tongues to Sing|Words]])
*"O Thou Who Camest from Above" ([[Wikisource:O Thou Who Camest from Above|Words]])
*"Rejoice, the Lord is King" ([[Wikisource:Rejoice, the Lord Is King|Words]])
*"[[Soldiers of Christ, Arise]]" ([[Wikisource:Soldiers of Christ, Arise|Words]])
*"[[Sun of Unclouded Righteousness]]" ([[Wikisource:Sun of Unclouded Righteousness|Words]])
*"Thou Hidden Source of Calm Repose" ([[Wikisource:Thou Hidden Source of Calm Repose|Words]])
*"Ye Servants of God" ([[Wikisource:Ye Servants of God|Words]])

The words to many more of Charles Wesley's hymns can be found on [[Wikisource]],<ref>Wikisource, [[s:Author:Charles_Wesley#Hymns|Charles Wesley: Hymns]], accessed 15 March 2023</ref> and in his many publications.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/hymnsandsacredpo00wesliala|title= Hymns and sacred poems|last1= Wesley|first1= John |last2=Wesley|first2= Charles|location= Bristol|date= 1743|edition=4th}}</ref><ref>[https://divinity.duke.edu/initiatives/cswt/charles-published-verse Complete texts of Charles Wesley's Published Verse at Duke Divinity School]</ref>

Some 150 of his hymns are in the Methodist hymn book ''[[Hymns and Psalms]]'', including "Hark! the Herald Angels Sing", and ''The Church Hymn Book'' (In New York and Chicago, US, 1872) where "Jesus, Lover of My Soul" is published. Many of his hymns are translated into other languages, and form the foundation for Methodist hymnals, as well as the Swedish ''Metodist-Episkopal-Kyrkans Psalmbok'' printed in Stockholm in 1892.

=== Psalms ===
Wesley's hymns are notable as interpretations of Scripture.<ref name="LeMon">{{youTube|id=1FNv_dY7h6A|title=Joel M. LeMon: The Controversial Introduction of Jesus into the Psalms by John and Charles Wesley}}</ref> He also produced paraphrases of the [[Psalms]], contributing to the long tradition of English [[metrical psalter|metrical Psalmody]]. A notable feature of his Psalms is the introduction of Jesus into the Psalms, continuing a tradition of Christological readings of the Psalms evident in the translations of John Patrick and [[Isaac Watts]].<ref>{{Cite book|title = The English Hymn|last = Watson|first = J. R.|publisher = Clarendon Press|year = 1997|isbn = 0198267622|location = Oxford|pages = [https://archive.org/details/englishhymncriti0000wats/page/230 230–251]|url-access = registration|url = https://archive.org/details/englishhymncriti0000wats/page/230}}</ref> The introduction of Jesus into the Psalms was often the source of controversy, even within Wesley's own family. Charles' brother Samuel Wesley wrote a poem against such practice.<ref name="LeMon" /> Of particular importance is Wesley's manuscript Psalms, held in the archives of the Pitts Theology Library at [[wikipedia:Emory University|Emory University]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pitts.emory.edu/archives/text/mss159.html|title=Pitts Theology Library Archives Finding Aid|access-date=28 January 2015|archive-date=15 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115142028/http://pitts.emory.edu/archives/text/mss159.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Legacy==
[[File:Wesley Oak marker, St. Simons, GA, US.jpg|thumb|Wesley Oak historical marker, near [[Christ Church (St. Simons, Georgia)|Christ Church, St. Simons]], Georgia]]
Wesley is still remembered for his ministry while in [[wikipedia:St. Simons, Georgia|St. Simon's Island]], [[wikipedia:Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], by the South Georgia Conference of the [[United Methodist Church]]; in 1950, the conference opened a Christian retreat center on the island by the banks of the [[wikipedia:Frederica River|Frederica River]], designating it [[Epworth by the Sea]] in honour of his and John's birthplace.

In the 19th century, Charles Wesley's legacy was downplayed by Methodist historians, largely because of his opposition to separating from the Church of England.<ref name="Vickers2008"/> He is [[Calendar of saints (Church of England)|remembered]] (with [[John Wesley|his brother]]) in the Church of England with a [[Lesser Festival (Anglicanism)|Lesser Festival]] on [[May 24|24 May]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Calendar|url=https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/churchs-year/calendar|access-date=2021-03-27|website=The Church of England|language=en}}</ref>

He is commemorated in the [[Calendar of Saints (Lutheran)|Calendar of Saints]] of the [[Evangelical Lutheran Church in America]] on 2 March with his brother. The brothers are also commemorated on 3 March in the [[Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church in the United States of America)|Calendar of Saints]] of the [[Episcopal Church in the United States of America|Episcopal Church]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Book of Common Prayer and Administration of the Sacraments and Other Rites and Ceremonies of the Church: Together with the Psalter of David|title-link=Book of Common Prayer#United States|publisher=Seabury |date= 1979|page=[https://archive.org/details/bookofcommonp00epis/page/n450 23]}}</ref> Charles is commemorated on 29 March in the Calendar of Commemorations by the Methodist [[Order of Saint Luke]]; John is commemorated on 2 March; their parents are also commemorated.<ref>{{cite book|title=For All The Saints: A Calendar of Commemorations for United Methodists|editor-first= Clifton F.|editor-last= Guthrie |location=Akron, Ohio|publisher= Order of St Luke |date= 1995|isbn=1-878009-25-7|pages= 77–78, 95–96}}</ref>

As a result of his enduring hymnody, the [[wikipedia:Gospel Music Association|Gospel Music Association]] recognized Wesley's musical contributions to the art of gospel music in 1995 by listing his name in the [[wikipedia:Gospel Music Hall of Fame|Gospel Music Hall of Fame]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Inductees Archive |url=https://gospelmusichalloffame.org/inductees/inductees-archive/ |publisher=Gospel Music Hall Of Fame |access-date=26 February 2021 |date=14 February 2017 |archive-date=18 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918214943/https://gospelmusichalloffame.org/inductees/inductees-archive/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Wesley's hymns are utilised in not only Methodist churches but other Protestant denominations, and have been adopted by the Roman Catholic Church.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Winter |first1=Sean |title=Immense Unfathomed Unconfined: The Grace of God in Creation, Church and Community: Essays in Honour of Norman Young |date=9 August 2013 |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers |isbn=978-1-62564-313-1 |page=177 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mM1NAwAAQBAJ |access-date=11 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Wesley wrote two of the so-called [[Great Four Anglican Hymns]]: "Hark! The Herald Angels Sing" and "Lo! He Comes With Clouds Descending".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Breed |first=David |url=https://archive.org/details/historyandusehym007965mbp |title=The History And Use Hymns And Hymn-Tunes |date=1934 |publisher=Fleming H. Revell Company |pages=85}}</ref>

;Memorials
<gallery mode="packed" heights="145">
File:Wesley plaque, Postman's Park.JPG|Plaque at [[wikipedia:Postman's Park|Postman's Park]], [[wikipedia:London|London]], commemorating John and Charles Wesley
File:Charles Wesley 2.JPG|Wesley at [[St Matthew's Church, Cotham|St. Matthew's Church]] in Bristol, by [[Arnold Wathen Robinson]]
File:Church Musicians window, King's Heath, Birmingham.JPG|[[wikipedia:Bach|Bach]], Wesley and [[wikipedia:Handel|Handel]], at [[Cambridge Road Methodist Church]] ([[wikipedia:Birmingham|Birmingham]], [[wikipedia:England|England]])
File:17 22 169 window.jpg|Stained glass of Charles Wesley, John Wesley, and [[Francis Asbury]] at [[wikipedia:Lake Junaluska, North Carolina|Lake Junaluska]]
File:Charles Wesley by Frederick Brook Hitch 01.jpg|Statue by [[wikipedia:Frederick Brook Hitch|Frederick Brook Hitch]] at the [[wikipedia:New Room, Bristol|New Room, Bristol]]
</gallery>

===Tercentenary===
24 May 2007 was celebrated as the tercentenary of Wesley's birth, with many celebratory events held throughout England, even though Wesley was in fact born in December 1707.<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 May 2007 |title=Hymnal tour marks Wesley tercentenary |language=en |work=Romney Advertiser |url=https://www.romseyadvertiser.co.uk/news/1409015.hymnal-tour-marks-wesley-tercentenary/ |access-date=16 December 2020}}</ref> The date of 24 May is known to Methodists as [[wikipedia:Aldersgate Day|Aldersgate Day]] and commemorates the spiritual awakening of first Charles and then John Wesley in 1738.<ref>{{cite web|title=What is Aldersgate Day?|url=http://www.umc.org/what-we-believe/what-is-aldersgate-day|website=umc.org|publisher=The United Methodist Church|access-date=21 May 2016}}</ref>

In November 2007, [[wikipedia:An Post|An Post]], the Irish Post Office, issued a 78-cent stamp to commemorate the 300th anniversary of Wesley's birth.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Knowles |first=Rebecca |date=22 November 2007 |title=Charles Wesley, hymn and carol composer, features on new stamp |language=en |newspaper=The Irish Times |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/charles-wesley-hymn-and-carol-composer-features-on-new-stamp-1.984430 |access-date=16 December 2020}}</ref>

==In film==
* ''A Heart Set Free'' – T. N. Mohan, 2007, a feature-length documentary on Charles Wesley's life and hymns.<ref>[https://wccls.bibliocommons.com/v2/record/S143C1207820 "A Heart Set Free", Washington County Cooperative Library Services]</ref>
* ''[[Wesley (film)|Wesley]]'' – Foundery Pictures, 2009, starring [[wikipedia:Burgess Jenkins|Burgess Jenkins]] as John Wesley, R. Keith Harris as Charles Wesley, and featuring [[wikipedia:June Lockhart|June Lockhart]] as [[Susanna Wesley]] and [[Kevin McCarthy (actor)|Kevin McCarthy]] as Bishop Ryder<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www2.journalnow.com/entertainment/2009/nov/12/3-ar-153038/|title=Methodist Man - Winston-Salem landmarks came in handy when the Rev. John Jackman was directing his latest film, Wesley. | JournalNow.com|date=August 20, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820042917/http://www2.journalnow.com/entertainment/2009/nov/12/3-ar-153038/|archive-date=2012-08-20}}</ref>

==External links==
{{Commons category|Charles Wesley}}{{Archival records|title=Wesleyana Collection}}
{{Sister project links |author=yes |commonscat=yes |b=no |d= Q349070 |m=no |mw=no |n=no |species=no |v=no |voy=no |wikt=no}}
*[http://www.eighteenthcenturypoetry.org/authors/pers00309.shtml Charles Wesley] at the [http://www.eighteenthcenturypoetry.org/ Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA)]
*Biography and works at the [http://www.hymntime.com/tch/bio/w/e/s/l/wesley_c.htm Cyber Hymnal]
*[http://www.churchsociety.org/issues_new/history/wesleychas/iss_history_wesleychas_intro.asp Biography and articles about Charles Wesley]
*[http://wesley.nnu.edu/charles-wesley/the-journal-of-charles-wesley-1707-1788/ The Journal of Charles Wesley]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20151028110225/http://archiveshub.ac.uk/data/gb135-ddcw Papers of Charles Wesley]
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Charles Wesley |sopt=t}}
* {{Librivox author |id=3504}}
*[http://pid.emory.edu/ark:/25593/g26cr Charles Wesley family papers, 1740–1864] at Pitts Theology Library, [[Candler School of Theology]]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061014235412/http://www.hope.ac.uk/research/call-for-papers-wesley-conference.htm Charles Wesley Conference 2007] held at [[wikipedia:Liverpool Hope University|Liverpool Hope University]]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071005074149/http://www.gresham.ac.uk/event.asp?PageId=45&EventId=647 'Charles Wesley in Historical Perspective: Poet, Priest and Theologian'], lecture delivered by Revd Professor Kenneth Newport, at [[wikipedia:Gresham College|Gresham College]], 13 December 2007. (Available for download as MP3 and MP4).
*[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/text/contents_page.jsp?t_id=C_Wesley Charles Wesley's ''Journal'' 1736–56] on ''A Vision of Britain through Time'', with links to the places visited.
*[http://georgiainfo.galileo.usg.edu/topics/historical_markers/county/glynn/a-man-named-wesley-passed-this-way A Man Named Wesley Passed This Way] historical marker at [[wikipedia:St. Simons Island, Georgia|St. Simons Island, Georgia]]
*[http://georgiainfo.galileo.usg.edu/topics/historical_markers/county/glynn/reverends-john-charles-wesley Reverends John & Charles Wesley] historical marker
*[https://rose.library.emory.edu/ Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library], Emory University: [http://pid.emory.edu/ark:/25593/g26cr Charles Wesley family papers, 1740–1864]

==References==

[[Category:1707 births]]
[[Category:1788 deaths]]
[[Category:18th-century Anglican theologians]]
[[Category:18th-century English composers]]
[[Category:18th-century English Anglican priests]]
[[Category:18th-century English Christian theologians]]
[[Category:18th-century English male writers]]
[[Category:18th-century English musicians]]
[[Category:18th-century English non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:18th-century evangelicals]]
[[Category:18th-century hymnwriters]]
[[Category:Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford]]
[[Category:Anglican saints]]
[[Category:Arminian ministers]]
[[Category:Arminian writers]]
[[Category:British chaplains]]
[[Category:Burials at St Marylebone Parish Church]]
[[Category:Church of England hymnwriters]]
[[Category:English Anglican missionaries]]
[[Category:English evangelicals]]
[[Category:English male non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:English Methodist hymnwriters]]
[[Category:English Methodist missionaries]]
[[Category:English religious writers]]
[[Category:Evangelical Anglican theologians]]
[[Category:Evangelical Anglican hymnwriters]]
[[Category:English evangelists]]
[[Category:Lutheran saints]]
[[Category:Methodist missionaries in the United States]]
[[Category:Methodist theologians]]
[[Category:Methodist writers]]
[[Category:People celebrated in the Lutheran liturgical calendar]]
[[Category:People educated at Westminster School, London]]
[[Category:People from colonial Georgia (British America)]]
[[Category:People from Epworth, Lincolnshire]]
[[Category:Protestant missionaries in England]]
[[Category:Sacred music composers]]
[[Category:String quartet composers]]
[[Category:Wesley family|Charles]]

Methodist

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#REDIRECT [[Methodism]]

Cambridge Road Methodist Church (Birmingham, England)

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ReformedMandalorian: Created page with "'''Cambridge Road Methodist Church''' is a Methodist church located in Birmingham, England."

'''Cambridge Road Methodist Church''' is a [[Methodist]] church located in [[wikipedia:Birmingham|Birmingham]], [[wikipedia:England|England]].

Cambridge Road Methodist Church

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#REDIRECT [[Cambridge Road Methodist Church (Birmingham, England)]]

Samuel Wesley (poet, died 1739)

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ReformedMandalorian: Created page with "'''Samuel Wesley''' (10 February 1690 or 1691 – 6 November 1739) was a poet, teacher and an Anglican cleric. He was the eldest of the Wesley brothers (with younger brothers John and Charles), but did not play a notable role in the nascent Methodist movement."

'''Samuel Wesley''' (10 February 1690 or 1691 – 6 November 1739) was a poet, teacher and an [[Anglican]] cleric. He was the eldest of the Wesley brothers (with younger brothers John and Charles), but did not play a notable role in the nascent [[Methodism|Methodist movement]].

Samuel Wesley (the Younger)

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#REDIRECT [[Samuel Wesley (poet, died 1739)]]

Samuel Wesley (poet, died 1735)

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ReformedMandalorian: Created page with "'''Samuel Wesley''' is the father of Charles Wesley and Samuel Wesley (the Younger)."

'''Samuel Wesley''' is the father of [[Charles Wesley]] and [[Samuel Wesley (the Younger)]].

Samuel Wesley (the Older)

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#REDIRECT [[Samuel Wesley (poet, died 1735)]]

Samuel Wesley (the Older)

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#REDIRECT [[Samuel Wesley (poet, died 1735)

Wesleyanism

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ReformedMandalorian: Created page with "'''Wesleyanism''' or '''Wesleyan theology''' is the system of Christian theology of Methodism taught by John Wesley that stresses the life of Christian holiness: to love God with all one’s heart, mind, soul and strength and to love one’s neighbor as oneself. Wesley’s teaching also stressed experiential religion and moral responsibility. Wesleyanism, present today in Methodist and holiness churches, is named for its founders, John Wesley and, his broth..."

'''Wesleyanism''' or '''Wesleyan theology''' is the system of Christian theology of Methodism taught by [[John Wesley]] that stresses the life of [[Christian holiness]]: to love God with all one’s heart, mind, soul and strength and to love one’s neighbor as oneself. Wesley’s teaching also stressed experiential religion and moral responsibility.

Wesleyanism, present today in Methodist and holiness churches, is named for its founders, [[John Wesley]] and, his brother, [[Charles Wesley]].

Wesleyan theology

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#REDIRECT [[Wesleyanism]]

John Wesley

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ReformedMandalorian:

{{Infobox clergy
| honorific_prefix = [[The Reverend]]
| name = John Wesley
| image = John Wesley by George Romney.jpg
| birth_date = 28 June 1703 / [[wikipedia:Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates|O.S.]] 17 June
| birth_place= [[wikipedia:Epworth, Lincolnshire|Epworth, Lincolnshire]], [[wikipedia:England|England]]
| death_date = March 1791 (aged 87)
| death_place = [[wikipedia:London|London]], [[wikipedia:England|England]]
| alma_mater = [[Christ Church, Oxford]]
| occupation = Cleric, theologian, academic ([[Lincoln College, Oxford]]), author
| religion = Christian ([[Anglican]] / [[Methodist]])
| church = [[Church of England]]
| spouse = div. [[Mary Vazeille]] (1751-1758)
| parents = [[Samuel Wesley (poet, died 1735)]] (father), [[Susanna Wesley]] (mother)
| other_relatives = [[Samuel Wesley (poet, died 1739)|Samuel Wesley]] (brother), [[Mehetabel Wesley Wright]] (sister), [[Charles Wesley]] (brother)
| ordained = 1725
| offices_held = [[wikipedia:List of Presidents of the Methodist Conference|President of the Methodist Conference]]
| signature = Appletons' Wesley John signature.svg
| module =
| notable_works = ''[[Articles of Religion (Methodist)|Articles of Religion]]''<br> ''[[Explanatory Notes Upon the New Testament]]''<br>''[[Sermons on Several Occasions]]''
| language = English
| tradition_movement = [[Methodism]], [[Wesleyan theology|Wesleyanism]]–[[Arminianism]]
| notable_ideas = [[Imparted righteousness]], [[Second work of grace]], [[Wesleyan Quadrilateral]]
}}
'''John Wesley''' (28 June 1703 / [[wikipedia:Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates|O.S.]] 17 June – 2 March 1791) was an English cleric, theologian, and evangelist who was a principal leader of a revival movement within the [[Church of England]] known as [[Methodism]]. The societies he founded became the dominant form of the independent Methodist movement that continues to this day.

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[[Category:Templates]]

John Wesley

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ReformedMandalorian:

{{Infobox clergy
| honorific_prefix = [[The Reverend]]
| name = John Wesley
| image = John Wesley by George Romney.jpg
| birth_date = 28 June 1703 / [[wikipedia:Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates|O.S.]] 17 June
| birth_place= [[wikipedia:Epworth, Lincolnshire|Epworth, Lincolnshire]], [[wikipedia:England|England]]
| death_date = March 1791 (aged 87)
| death_place = [[wikipedia:London|London]], [[wikipedia:England|England]]
| alma_mater = [[Christ Church, Oxford]]
| occupation = Cleric, theologian, academic ([[Lincoln College, Oxford]]), author
| religion = Christian ([[Anglican]] / [[Methodist]])
| church = [[Church of England]]
| spouse = div. [[Mary Vazeille]] (1751-1758)
| parents = [[Samuel Wesley (poet, died 1735)]] (father), [[Susanna Wesley]] (mother)
| other_relatives = [[Samuel Wesley (poet, died 1739)|Samuel Wesley]] (brother), [[Mehetabel Wesley Wright]] (sister), [[Charles Wesley]] (brother)
| ordained = 1725
| offices_held = [[wikipedia:List of Presidents of the Methodist Conference|President of the Methodist Conference]]
| signature = Appletons' Wesley John signature.svg
| module =
{{Infobox theologian
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}}
| language = English
| tradition_movement = [[Methodism]], [[Wesleyan theology|Wesleyanism]]–[[Arminianism]]
| notable_ideas = [[Imparted righteousness]], [[Second work of grace]], [[Wesleyan Quadrilateral]]
}}
'''John Wesley''' (28 June 1703 / [[wikipedia:Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates|O.S.]] 17 June – 2 March 1791) was an English cleric, theologian, and evangelist who was a principal leader of a revival movement within the [[Church of England]] known as [[Methodism]]. The societies he founded became the dominant form of the independent Methodist movement that continues to this day.

John Wesley

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ReformedMandalorian:

{{Infobox clergy
| honorific_prefix = [[The Reverend]]
| name = John Wesley
| image = John Wesley by George Romney.jpg
| birth_date = 28 June 1703 / [[wikipedia:Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates|O.S.]] 17 June
| birth_place= [[wikipedia:Epworth, Lincolnshire|Epworth, Lincolnshire]], [[wikipedia:England|England]]
| death_date = March 1791 (aged 87)
| death_place = [[wikipedia:London|London]], [[wikipedia:England|England]]
| alma_mater = [[Christ Church, Oxford]]
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| ordained = 1725
| offices_held = [[wikipedia:List of Presidents of the Methodist Conference|President of the Methodist Conference]]
| signature = Appletons' Wesley John signature.svg
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}}
| language = English
| tradition_movement = [[Methodism]], [[Wesleyan theology|Wesleyanism]]–[[Arminianism]]
| notable_ideas = [[Imparted righteousness]], [[Second work of grace]], [[Wesleyan Quadrilateral]]
}}
'''John Wesley''' (28 June 1703 ([[wikipedia:Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates|O.S.]] 17 June) – 2 March 1791) was an English cleric, theologian, and evangelist who was a principal leader of a revival movement within the [[Church of England]] known as [[Methodism]]. The societies he founded became the dominant form of the independent Methodist movement that continues to this day.

Template:Infobox clergy

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[[Category:Templates]]

John Wesley

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ReformedMandalorian:

{{Infobox clergy
| honorific_prefix = [[The Reverend]]
| name = John Wesley
| image = John Wesley by George Romney.jpg
| birth_date = 28 June 1703 or [[wikipedia:Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates|O.S.]] 17 June
| birth_place= [[wikipedia:Epworth, Lincolnshire|Epworth, Lincolnshire]], [[wikipedia:England|England]]
| death_date = March 1791 (aged 87)
| death_place = [[wikipedia:London|London]], [[wikipedia:England|England]]
| alma_mater = [[Christ Church, Oxford]]
| occupation = Cleric, theologian, academic ([[Lincoln College, Oxford]]), author
| religion = Christian ([[Anglican]] / [[Methodist]])
| church = [[Church of England]]
| spouse = div. [[Mary Vazeille]] (1751-1758)
| parents = [[Samuel Wesley (poet, died 1735)]] (father), [[Susanna Wesley]] (mother)
| other_relatives = [[Samuel Wesley (poet, died 1739)|Samuel Wesley]] (brother), [[Mehetabel Wesley Wright]] (sister), [[Charles Wesley]] (brother)
| ordained = 1725
| offices_held = [[wikipedia:List of Presidents of the Methodist Conference|President of the Methodist Conference]]
| signature = Appletons' Wesley John signature.svg
| module =
{{Infobox theologian
| notable_works = ''[[Articles of Religion (Methodist)|Articles of Religion]]''<br> ''[[Explanatory Notes Upon the New Testament]]''<br>''[[Sermons on Several Occasions]]''
}}
| language = English
| tradition_movement = [[Methodism]], [[Wesleyan theology|Wesleyanism]]–[[Arminianism]]
| notable_ideas = [[Imparted righteousness]], [[Second work of grace]], [[Wesleyan Quadrilateral]]
}}
'''John Wesley''' (28 June 1703 ([[wikipedia:Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates|O.S.]] 17 June) – 2 March 1791) was an English cleric, theologian, and evangelist who was a principal leader of a revival movement within the [[Church of England]] known as [[Methodism]]. The societies he founded became the dominant form of the independent Methodist movement that continues to this day.

John Wesley

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ReformedMandalorian:

{{Infobox clergy
| honorific_prefix = [[The Reverend]]
| name = John Wesley
| image = John Wesley by George Romney.jpg
| birth_date = 28 June 1703 ([[wikipedia:Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates|O.S.]] 17 June)
| birth_place= [[wikipedia:Epworth, Lincolnshire|Epworth, Lincolnshire]], [[wikipedia:England|England]]
| death_date = March 1791 (aged 87)
| death_place = [[wikipedia:London|London]], [[wikipedia:England|England]]
| alma_mater = [[Christ Church, Oxford]]
| occupation = Cleric, theologian, academic ([[Lincoln College, Oxford]]), author
| religion = Christian ([[Anglican]] / [[Methodist]])
| church = [[Church of England]]
| spouse = div. [[Mary Vazeille]] (1751-1758)
| parents = [[Samuel Wesley (poet, died 1735)]] (father), [[Susanna Wesley]] (mother)
| other_relatives = [[Samuel Wesley (poet, died 1739)|Samuel Wesley]] (brother), [[Mehetabel Wesley Wright]] (sister), [[Charles Wesley]] (brother)
| ordained = 1725
| offices_held = [[wikipedia:List of Presidents of the Methodist Conference|President of the Methodist Conference]]
| signature = Appletons' Wesley John signature.svg
| module =
{{Infobox theologian
| notable_works = ''[[Articles of Religion (Methodist)|Articles of Religion]]''<br> ''[[Explanatory Notes Upon the New Testament]]''<br>''[[Sermons on Several Occasions]]''
}}
| language = English
| tradition_movement = [[Methodism]], [[Wesleyan theology|Wesleyanism]]–[[Arminianism]]
| notable_ideas = [[Imparted righteousness]], [[Second work of grace]], [[Wesleyan Quadrilateral]]
}}
'''John Wesley''' (28 June 1703 ([[wikipedia:Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates|O.S.]] 17 June) – 2 March 1791) was an English cleric, theologian, and evangelist who was a principal leader of a revival movement within the [[Church of England]] known as [[Methodism]]. The societies he founded became the dominant form of the independent Methodist movement that continues to this day.

John Wesley

2024-12-15T17:10:37Z

ReformedMandalorian: Created page with "{{Infobox clergy | honorific_prefix = The Reverend | name = John Wesley | image = John Wesley by George Romney.jpg | birth_date = 28 June 1703 (O.S. 17 June]) | birth_place= Epworth, Lincolnshire, England | death_date = March 1791 (aged 87) | death_place = London, England | alma_mater = Christ Church, Oxford |..."

{{Infobox clergy
| honorific_prefix = [[The Reverend]]
| name = John Wesley
| image = John Wesley by George Romney.jpg
| birth_date = 28 June 1703 ([[[wikipedia:Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates|O.S.]] 17 June])
| birth_place= [[wikipedia:Epworth, Lincolnshire|Epworth, Lincolnshire]], [[wikipedia:England|England]]
| death_date = March 1791 (aged 87)
| death_place = [[wikipedia:London|London]], [[wikipedia:England|England]]
| alma_mater = [[Christ Church, Oxford]]
| occupation = Cleric, theologian, academic ([[Lincoln College, Oxford]]), author
| religion = Christian ([[Anglican]] / [[Methodist]])
| church = [[Church of England]]
| spouse = div. [[Mary Vazeille]] (1751-1758)
| parents = [[Samuel Wesley (poet, died 1735)]] (father), [[Susanna Wesley]] (mother)
| other_relatives = [[Samuel Wesley (poet, died 1739)|Samuel Wesley]] (brother), [[Mehetabel Wesley Wright]] (sister), [[Charles Wesley]] (brother)
| ordained = 1725
| offices_held = [[wikipedia:List of Presidents of the Methodist Conference|President of the Methodist Conference]]
| signature = Appletons' Wesley John signature.svg
| module =
{{Infobox theologian
| notable_works = ''[[Articles of Religion (Methodist)|Articles of Religion]]''<br> ''[[Explanatory Notes Upon the New Testament]]''<br>''[[Sermons on Several Occasions]]''
}}
| language = English
| tradition_movement = [[Methodism]], [[Wesleyan theology|Wesleyanism]]–[[Arminianism]]
| notable_ideas = [[Imparted righteousness]], [[Second work of grace]], [[Wesleyan Quadrilateral]]
}}
'''John Wesley''' (28 June 1703 [[[wikipedia:Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates|O.S.]] 17 June] – 2 March 1791) was an English cleric, theologian, and evangelist who was a principal leader of a revival movement within the [[Church of England]] known as [[Methodism]]. The societies he founded became the dominant form of the independent Methodist movement that continues to this day.